什么是JPA

[color=red][b]1.什么是JPA[/b][/color]

JPA(Java Persistence API)是Sun官方提出的Java持久化规范。它为Java开发人员提供了一种对象/关系映射工具来管理Java应用中的关系数据。他的出现主要是为了简化现有的持久化开发工作和整合ORM技术，结束现在Hibernate、TopLink等ORM框架各自为营的局面。值得注意的是，JPA是在充分吸收了现有Hibernate、TopLink等ORM框架的基础上发展而来的，具有易于使用、伸缩性强等优点。

[color=red][b]2.依赖的jar包[/b][/color]
Hiberante核心包(8个文件):hibernate-distribution-3.3.1.GA
hibernate3.jar
lib\bytecode\cglib\hibernate-cglib-repack-2.1_3.jar
lib\required\*.jar
Hiberante注解包(3个文件)：hibernate-annotations-3.4.0.GA
hibernate-annotations.jar
lib\ejb3-persistence.jar、hibernate-commons-annotations.jar
Hibernate针对JPA的实现包(3个文件)：hibernate-entitymanager-3.4.0.GA
hibernate-entitymanager.jar
lib\test\log4j.jar、slf4j-log4j12.jar

[color=red][b]3.JPA的配置文件[/b][/color]

JPA规范要求在类路径的META-INF目录下放置persistence.xml，文件的名称是固定的，配置模版如下：

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_1_0.xsd" version="1.0">
<persistence-unit name="jpa" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
<properties>
<property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class" value="org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver"/>

<property name="hibernate.connection.url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jpa?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8"/>
<property name="hibernate.connection.username" value="root"/>
<property name="hibernate.connection.password" value="root"/>
<property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect"/>
<property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="update"/>
<property name="hibernate.show_sql" value="true" />
</properties>
</persistence-unit>
</persistence>

[color=red][b]4.一个简单的JAP实例[/b][/color]

[color=red]person.java[/color]

package cn.com.jyp.model;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;

@Entity
public class Person {
	private Integer id;
	private String name;

	@Id
	@GeneratedValue
	public Integer getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(Integer id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

}

[color=red]Test.java[/color]

package Test;

import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;
import javax.persistence.Persistence;

import cn.com.jyp.model.Person;

public class Test {
	@org.junit.Test
	public void save() {
		EntityManagerFactory factory = Persistence
				.createEntityManagerFactory("jpa");// 持久化单元名
		EntityManager em = factory.createEntityManager();
		Person person = new Person();
		person.setName("人");
		em.getTransaction().begin();
		em.persist(person);
		em.getTransaction().commit();
		em.close();
		factory.close();
	}
}