JAVA-接口实例

一.comparable接口

        何为comparable接口？我们可以查阅jdk来了解到此接口可用于进行排序

 那么我们该如何使用呢？

第一步：

        我们要实现comparable接口！具体的代码实现以下：

class Student implements Comparable<Student>{

    public String name;
    public int age;

    public Student(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

注意 这里用了接口，所以我们必须重写一个方法！

        根据ctrl加鼠标左键查阅comparable我们可知

 因此：

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Comparator;

class Student implements Comparable<Student>{

    public String name;
    public int age;

    public Student(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }

    @Override
    public int compareTo(Student o) {
        if(this.age-o.age>0){
            return 1;
        }else if(this.age-o.age<0){
            return -1;
        }else{
            return 0;
        }
    }
}


public class Testdemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Student[] student = new Student[3];
        student[0] = new Student("张三",18);
        student[1] = new Student("王三",10);
        student[2] = new Student("李三",19);
        Arrays.sort(student);
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(student));
    }
}

 这是一个简单的comparable接口的使用

但在main方法内 我们要只是单纯的比较大小 而不是排序，我们可以这样做：

         

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Comparator;

class Student implements Comparable<Student>{

    public String name;
    public int age;

    public Student(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }

    @Override
    public int compareTo(Student o) {   //这里是 age
        if(this.age-o.age>0){
            return 1;
        }else if(this.age-o.age<0){
            return -1;
        }else{
            return 0;
        }
    }
}


public class Testdemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Student student1 = new Student("lisi",18);
        Student student2 = new Student("zhangsan",19);

        if(student1.compareTo(student2)>0){
            System.out.println("student1 > student2");
        } else if (student1.compareTo(student2)<0) {
            System.out.println("student1<student2");
        }else{
            System.out.println("相等");
        }
    }

但是 这个接口 对类侵入性太强了！

如果我们的需求更换了：比如比较姓名，那我们的代码就需要改写！

        二.comparator 

comparator就是应付以上问题的！

class Student {
    public String name;
    public int age;

    public Student(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}
class AgeComparator implements Comparator<Student>{
    @Override
    public int compare(Student o1, Student o2) {
        //return 0;
        return o1.age - o2.age;
    }
}
class NameComparator implements Comparator<Student>{
    @Override
    public int compare(Student o1, Student o2) {
        //return 0;
        return o1.name.compareTo(o2.name);
    }
}

public class Testdemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Student[] students = new Student[3];
        students[0] = new Student("zhangsan",18);
        students[1] = new Student("lisan",20);
        students[2] = new Student("wangzhangsan",10);
        //实例化比较器
        AgeComparator ageComparator = new AgeComparator();
        NameComparator nameComparator = new NameComparator();
        //填土比较器
        Arrays.sort(students,ageComparator);
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(students));
    }

这里 我们 就 学完了 Comparable 接口 和 Comparator 接口 , 下面我们就来找一下 两者 的 区别 .

Comparable 和 Comparator 都是用来实现元素排序的，它们二者的区别如下 

Comparable 是“比较”的意思，而 Comparator 是“比较器”的意思； 
Comparable 是通过重写 compareTo 方法实现排序的，而 Comparator 是通过重写 compare 方法实现排序的；
Comparable 必须由自定义类内部实现排序方法，而 Comparator 是外部定义并实现排序的。
所以用一句话总结二者的区别：Comparable可以看作是“对内”进行排序接口，而Comparator` 是“对外”进行排序的接口。

简单来说： Comparable 对类 的 侵入性高， 一旦写好比较规则，就不能轻易改变 。
而 Cinoarator 对类的 侵入性低

 

接下来我们可以试着写一个模拟qosrt!

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Comparator;

class Student implements Comparable<Student>{

    public String name;
    public int age;

    public Student(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }

    @Override
    public int compareTo(Student o) {   //这里是 age
        if(this.age-o.age>0){
            return 1;
        }else if(this.age-o.age<0){
            return -1;
        }else{
            return 0;
        }
    }
}
public class Testdemo {
    public static void bbulesort(Comparator[] array){
        for (int i = 0; i < array.length - 1; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < array.length - i - 1; j++) {
                Comparator tmp = array[j];
                array[j] = array[j+1];
                array[j+1] = tmp;
            }
        }
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Student[] students = new Student[3];
        students[0] = new Student("zhangsan",18);
        students[1] = new Student("lisan",20);
        students[2] = new Student("wangzhangsan",10);
        bbulesort(students);
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(students));
    }

    public static void main2(String[] args) {
        Student[] students = new Student[3];
        students[0] = new Student("zhangsan",18);
        students[1] = new Student("lisan",20);
        students[2] = new Student("wangzhangsan",10);

        AgeComparator ageComparator = new AgeComparator();
        NameComparator nameComparator = new NameComparator();

        Arrays.sort(students,ageComparator);
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(students));
    }