ubuntu14.04配置vnc

Introduction

VNC, or "Virtual Network Computing", is a connection system that allows you to use your keyboard and mouse to interact with a graphical desktop environment on a remote server. VNC makes managing files, software, and settings on a remote server easier for users who are not yet comfortable with working with the command line.

In this guide, we will be setting up VNC on an Ubuntu 14.04 server and connecting to it securely through an SSH tunnel. The VNC server we will be using is TightVNC, a fast and lightweight remote control package. This choice will ensure that our VNC connection will be smooth and stable even on slower Internet connections.

Prerequisites

Before you begin with this guide, there are a few steps that need to be completed first.

You will need an Ubuntu 14.04 server installed and configured with a non-root user that has sudoprivileges. If you haven't done this yet, you can run through steps 1-4 in the Ubuntu 14.04 initial server setup guide to create this account.

Once you have your non-root user, you can use it to SSH into your Ubuntu server and continue with the installation of your VNC server.

Step One — Install Desktop Environment and VNC Server

By default, most Linux server installations will not come with a graphical desktop environment. If this is the case, we'll need to begin by installing one that we can work with. In this example, we will install XFCE4, which is very lightweight while still being familiar to most users.

We can get the XFCE packages, along with the package for TightVNC, directly from Ubuntu's software repositories using apt:

sudo apt-get install xfce4 xfce4-goodies tightvncserver

To complete the VNC server's initial configuration, use the vncserver command to set up a secure password:

vncserver

(After you set up your access password, you will be asked if you would like to enter a view-only password. Users who log in with the view-only password will not be able to control the VNC instance with their mouse or keyboard. This is a helpful option if you want to demonstrate something to other people using your VNC server.)

vncserver completes the installation of VNC by creating default configuration files and connection information for our server to use. With these packages installed, you are ready to configure your VNC server and graphical desktop.

Step Two — Configure VNC Server

First, we need to tell our VNC server what commands to perform when it starts up. These commands are located in a configuration file called xstartup. Our VNC server has an xstartup file preloaded already, but we need to use some different commands for our XFCE desktop.

When VNC is first set up, it launches a default server instance on port 5901. This port is called a display port, and is referred to by VNC as :1. VNC can launch multiple instances on other display ports, like :2,:3, etc. When working with VNC servers, remember that :X is a display port that refers to 5900+X.

Since we are going to be changing how our VNC servers are configured, we'll need to first stop the VNC server instance that is running on port 5901:

vncserver -kill :1

Before we begin configuring our new xstartup file, let's back up the original in case we need it later:

mv ~/.vnc/xstartup ~/.vnc/xstartup.bak

Now we can open a new xstartup file with nano:

vi ~/.vnc/xstartup

Insert these commands into the file so that they are performed automatically whenever you start or restart your VNC server:

#!/bin/bash
xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
startxfce4 &

The first command in the file, xrdb $HOME/.Xresources, tells VNC's GUI framework to read the server user's .Xresources file. .Xresources is where a user can make changes to certain settings of the graphical desktop, like terminal colors, cursor themes, and font rendering.

The second command simply tells the server to launch XFCE, which is where you will find all of the graphical software that you need to comfortably manage your server.

To ensure that the VNC server will be able to use this new startup file properly, we'll need to grant executable privileges to it:

executable privileges to it:

sudo chmod +x ~/.vnc/xstartup

输入vncserver -geometry 1024x768建立VNC即可