mysql 5.7 建库时字符集设置错误后纠正

变更数据库的默认字符集和校验集：
1）确认字符集1
select * from information_schema.SCHEMATA where schema_name="foo";
2）变更DB的字符集 2
ALTER DATABASE foo CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
如果是在客户端，已经是在foo库中执行查询时需要将表明去掉：
ALTER DATABASE CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
3）变更表的字符集
ALTER TABLE boo CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
4）如果是在shell中批量变更数据库中所有表的字符集和校验集执行：

DB="foo"; ( echo 'ALTER DATABASE `'"$DB"'` CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;'; mysql -h <hostname> -u <username> -p <password or ellipse and refill later>"$DB" -e "SHOW TABLES" --batch --skip-column-names | xargs -I{} echo 'ALTER TABLE `'{}'` CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;' ) | mysql "$DB"

-p后面的密码可以不填，被问起时填