【坚持每日一题9.24】八皇后

设计一种算法，打印 N 皇后在 N × N 棋盘上的各种摆法，其中每个皇后都不同行、不同列，也不在对角线上。这里的“对角线”指的是所有的对角线，不只是平分整个棋盘的那两条对角线。

注意：本题相对原题做了扩展

示例:

输入：4
输出：[[".Q…","…Q",“Q…”,"…Q."],["…Q.",“Q…”,"…Q",".Q…"]]
解释: 4 皇后问题存在如下两个不同的解法。
[
 [".Q…",  // 解法 1
  “…Q”,
  “Q…”,
  “…Q.”],

["…Q.",  // 解法 2
  “Q…”,
  “…Q”,
  “.Q…”]
]

java代码：

class Solution {
    public List<List<String>> solveNQueens(int n) {
        int[] queens = new int[n];
        Arrays.fill(queens, -1);
        List<List<String>> solutions = new ArrayList<List<String>>();
        solve(solutions, queens, n, 0, 0, 0, 0);
        return solutions;
    }

    public void solve(List<List<String>> solutions, int[] queens, int n, int row, int columns, int diagonals1, int diagonals2) {
        if (row == n) {
            List<String> board = generateBoard(queens, n);
            solutions.add(board);
        } else {
            int availablePositions = ((1 << n) - 1) & (~(columns | diagonals1 | diagonals2));
            while (availablePositions != 0) {
                int position = availablePositions & (-availablePositions);
                availablePositions = availablePositions & (availablePositions - 1);
                int column = Integer.bitCount(position - 1);
                queens[row] = column;
                solve(solutions, queens, n, row + 1, columns | position, (diagonals1 | position) << 1, (diagonals2 | position) >> 1);
                queens[row] = -1;
            }
        }
    }

    public List<String> generateBoard(int[] queens, int n) {
        List<String> board = new ArrayList<String>();
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            char[] row = new char[n];
            Arrays.fill(row, '.');
            row[queens[i]] = 'Q';
            board.add(new String(row));
        }
        return board;
    }
}