安卓系统分区介绍boot, system, recovery, data, cache & misc

原文地址：http://www.addictivetips.com/mobile/android-partitions-explained-boot-system-recovery-data-cache-misc/

Unless you have been using your Android phone just for calls, SMS, browsing and basic apps, you should know that Android uses several partitions to organize files and folders on the device. Each of these partitions has a distinct role in the functionality of the device, but not many Android users know the significance of each partition and its contents. In this guide, we will take you on a tour of Android partitions, what they contain and what can be the possible consequences of modifying their content. Let’s start with a list of standard internal memory partitions on Android phones and tablets. These are: /boot /system /recovery /data /cache /misc In addition, there are the SD card partitions. /sdcard /sd-ext Note that only /sdcard is found in all Android devices and the rest are present only in select devices. Let’s now take a look at the purpose and contents of each of these partitions. /boot This is the partition that enables the phone to boot, as the name suggests. It includes the bootloader and the kernel. Without this partition, the device will simply not be able to boot. Wiping this partition from recovery should only be done if absolutely required and once done, the device must NOT be rebooted before installing a new one, which can be done by installing a ROM that includes a /boot partition. /system This partition basically contains the entire operating system, other than the kernel and the bootloader. This includes the Android user inte**ce as well as all the system applications that come pre-installed on the device. Wiping this partition will remove Android from the device without rendering it unbootable, and you will still be able to put the phone into recovery or bootloader mode to install a new ROM. /recovery The recovery partition can be considered as an alternative boot partition that lets you boot the device into a recovery console for performing advanced recovery and maintenance operations on it. To learn more about this partition and its contents, see the ‘About Android Recovery’ section of our guide to ClockworkMod recovery. /data Also called userdata, the data partition contains the user’s data – this is where your contacts, messages, settings and apps that you have installed go. Wiping this partition essentially performs a factory reset on your device, restoring it to the way it was when you first booted it, or the way it was after the last official or custom ROM installation. When you perform a wipe data/factory reset from recovery, it is this partition that you are wiping. /cache This is the partition where Android stores frequently accessed data and app components. Wiping the cache doesn’t effect your personal data but simply gets rid of the existing data there, which gets automatically rebuilt as you continue using the device. /misc This partition contains miscellaneous system settings in form of on/off switches. These settings may include CID (Carrier or Region ID), USB configuration and certain hardware settings etc. This is an important partition and if it is corrupt or missing, several of the device’s features will will not function normally. /sdcard This is not a partition on the internal memory of the device but rather the SD card. In terms of usage, this is your storage space to use as you see fit, to store your media, documents, ROMs etc. on it. Wiping it is perfectly safe as long as you backup all the data you require from it, to your computer first. Though several user-installed apps save their data and settings on the SD card and wiping this partition will make you lose all that data. On devices with both an internal and an external SD card – devices like the Samsung Galaxy S and several tablets – the /sdcard partition is always used to refer to the internal SD card. For the external SD card – if present – an alternative partition is used, which differs from device to device. In case of Samsung Galaxy S series devices, it is /sdcard/sd while in many other devices, it is /sdcard2. Unlike /sdcard, no system or app data whatsoever is stored automatically on this external SD card and everything present on it has been added there by the user. You can safely wipe it after backing up any data from it that you need to save. /sd-ext This is not a standard Android partition, but has become popular in the custom ROM scene. It is basically an additional partition on your SD card that acts as the /data partition when used with certain ROMs that have special features called APP2SD+ or data2ext enabled. It is especially useful on devices with little internal memory allotted to the /data partition. Thus, users who want to install more programs than the internal memory allows can make this partition and use it with a custom ROM that supports this feature, to get additional storage for installing their apps. Wiping this partition is essentially the same as wiping the /data partition – you lose your contacts, SMS, market apps and settings. With this, we conclude our tour of Android partitions. Now whenever you install a ROM or mod that requires you to wipe certain partitions before the installation, you should be in a better position to know what you’re losing and what not and thus, you’ll know what to backup and what not.

除非你已经使用您的Andr​​oid手机的通话，短信，上网和基本的应用程序，你应该知道，Android使用几个分区，组织设备上的文件和文件夹。每个分区的设备的功能有显著作用，但不是很多Android用户都知道每个分区其内容的意义。在本指南中，我们将带您参观Android的分区，它们包含了什么，有什么方法可以修改其内容可能产生的后果。 让我们开始在Android手机和平板电脑的标准的内部存储器分区的列表。这些是： / boot目录 /系统 /恢复 /数据 /缓存 /杂项 此外，还有的SD卡分区。 / SD卡 / SD-EXT 需要注意的是/ SD卡被发现在所有的Andr​​oid设备，其余的是目前只有在选择设备。现在，让我们来看看在每个分区的目的和内容。 / boot目录 这是分区，使手机开机，正如其名称所暗示的。它包括引导程序和内核。如果没有这个分区，该设备将根本就没有能够启动。擦拭从恢复分区只应在绝对必要时，一旦完成，该设备必须重新启动，然后再安装一个新的，它可以通过安装ROM，其中包括一个/ boot分区。 /系统 此分区基本上包含了整个操作系统的内核和引导以外。这包括了Android用户界面，以及所有的系统预安装在设备上的应用程序来。擦这个分区将删除从设备的Andr​​oid不使其无法启动的情况下，你仍然可以把手机恢复或bootloader模式，安装一个新的ROM。 /恢复 恢复分区可以被视为一个可供选择的引导分区，让你进入恢复控制台启动设备，进行先进的恢复和维护操作。要了解更多有关这个分区及其内容，请参阅“关于Android的恢复我们的指南，ClockworkMod恢复”部分。 /数据 也称为用户数据，数据分区包含用户的数据 - 这是在您的联系人，邮件，设置和已安装的应用程序，你去。擦这个分区基本上是在您的设备上执行出厂重设，恢复它的方式是当你第一次启动时，它的方式，这是最后一次正式的或自定义ROM安装后的。当您执行擦除数据/工厂复位恢复，这是分区，你是擦。 /缓存 这是Android的存储经常访问的数据和应用程序组件所在的分区。擦拭缓存不会影响你的个人资料，但根本摆脱现有的数据，这将会自动重建，如您继续使用该设备。 /杂项 此分区包含各种系统设置，在形式的ON / OFF开关。 USB配置和某些硬件设置等，这些设置可能包括CID（承运人或地区ID），这是一个重要的分区，如果是损坏或丢失的，一些设备的功能将无法正常工作。 / SD卡 这是不是内部存储器的设备，而是在SD卡上的分区。在使用方面，这是您的存储空间，使用您认为合适的存储媒体，文件，光碟等就可以了。擦拭它是完全安全的，只要你备份所有的数据，你需要它，你的电脑。尽管一些用户安装的应用程序保存在SD卡上的数据和设置，抹这个分区将让你失去所有的数据。 在内部和外部SD卡 - 三星Galaxy S和几片 - 总是用来指​​到内部SD卡/ SD卡分区的设备，如设备。对于外部SD卡 - 如果有的话 - 替代分区时，器件的不同。在三星的Galaxy S系列设备的情况下，它是/ SD卡/ SD，而在许多其他设备，它是/ sdcard2，。 / SD卡不同，没有系统或应用程序的任何数据自动存储在这个外部SD卡，一切都存在于它已添加的用户。您可以放心地擦拭后，你需要保存的任何数据备份。 / SD-EXT 这不是一个标准的Andr​​oid分区，但已成为流行的自定义ROM的场景。它基本上是你的SD卡/ data分区时使用的ROM中有特殊的功能，称为APP2SD +或data2ext启用的，作为一个附加的分区上。这是特别有用的设备上很少有内部内存分配的/ data分区。因此，用户要安装更​​多的程序比内存允许，可以使这个分区，并使用一个自定义的ROM支持此功能，安装自己的应用程序，以获得额外的存储。 ，擦这个分区在本质上是相同的擦/ data分区 - 你失去你的联系人，短信，市场应用和设置。 这一点，我们总结我们参观的Andr​​oid分区。现在，只要你安装了一个ROM或MOD，需要你在安装前擦拭某些分区，你应该知道你失去什么不和从而在一个更好的位置，你就会知道要备份的内容并没有什么。