驱动程序过程

一、驱动程序编译
1、cp hello.c linux-2.6.29/drivers/char
2、进入char
3、打开Kconfig
   添加：config HELLO_DRIVER
         bool "karen hello driver"
4、进入内核目录2.6.29,make menuconfig
5、diver driver--->character drivers---->
   Kconfig产生menuconfig菜单的作用。
   第一行config会产生相应的配置项
   第二行条目的名字：
       tristate--->三态[ ]、[*]、<M>
       bool--->[ ]、[*]
6、进入char中，修改Makefile
   obj-$(CONFIG_HELLO_DRIVER) +=hello.o

二、操作系统原理：

三、静态驱动程序的步骤
1、定义主设备号
2、手工创建设备文件 mknod /dev/设备名 c(char) 100(主设备号) 0(从设备号)----->>>>>将<设备名，

主设备号>添加到逻辑设备表之中
3、静态申请设备号
dev_t devno = MKDEV(mem_major, 0); /* 利用主设备号和次设备号构造设备号文件*/
result = register_chrdev_region(devno, 2, "memdev");
4、设备注册------->>>>>>>将cdev结构添加到DCT和SDT之中，SDT和DCT之中有缓存和函数接口
  cdev_init(&cdev, &mem_fops);
  cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
  cdev.ops = &mem_fops;//其中，mem_fops为一堆指向函数的指针
  /* 注册字符设备 */
  cdev_add(&cdev, MKDEV(mem_major, 0), MEMDEV_NR_DEVS); /*MEMDEV_NR_DEVS有多少个设备 */
5、在物理地址下申请表
mem_devp = kmalloc(MEMDEV_NR_DEVS * sizeof(struct mem_dev), GFP_KERNEL);

四、动态驱动程序：不需要在步骤1时定义主设备号，在步骤3中只需要做：
    int result = alloc_chrdev_region(&devno, 0, 2, "memdev");
    mem_major = MAJOR(devno); /* 取出主设备号*/
后面的步骤是一样的。

 五、例：构造一个虚的内存的驱动程序

头文件memdev.h

#ifndef _MEMDEV_H_
#define _MEMDEV_H_

#ifndef MEMDEV_MAJOR
#define MEMDEV_MAJOR 251   /*预设的mem的主设备号*/
#endif

#ifndef MEMDEV_NR_DEVS
#define MEMDEV_NR_DEVS 2    /*设备数*/
#endif

#ifndef MEMDEV_SIZE
#define MEMDEV_SIZE 4096
#endif

/*mem设备描述结构体*/
struct mem_dev                                     
{                                                        
  char *data;  /*操作这段内存的地址 */                     
  unsigned long size;       
};

#endif /* _MEMDEV_H_ */

memdev.c

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/system.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>

#include "memdev.h"

static mem_major = MEMDEV_MAJOR;

module_param(mem_major, int, S_IRUGO);

struct mem_dev *mem_devp; /*设备结构体指针*/

struct cdev cdev; 

/*文件打开函数*/
int mem_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
    struct mem_dev *dev;
    
    /*获取次设备号*/
    int num = MINOR(inode->i_rdev);

    if (num >= MEMDEV_NR_DEVS) 
            return -ENODEV;
    dev = &mem_devp[num];
    
    /*将设备描述结构指针赋值给文件私有数据指针*/
    filp->private_data = dev;
    
    return 0; 
}

/*文件释放函数*/
int mem_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
  return 0;
}

/*读函数*/
static ssize_t mem_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
{
  unsigned long p =  *ppos;
  unsigned int count = size;
  int ret = 0;
  struct mem_dev *dev = filp->private_data; /*获得设备结构体指针*/

  /*判断读位置是否有效*/
  if (p >= MEMDEV_SIZE)
    return 0;
  if (count > MEMDEV_SIZE - p)
    count = MEMDEV_SIZE - p;

  /*读数据到用户空间*/
  if (copy_to_user(buf, (void*)(dev->data + p), count))
  {
    ret =  - EFAULT;
  }
  else
  {
    *ppos += count;
    ret = count;
    
    printk(KERN_INFO "read %d bytes(s) from %d\n", count, p);
  }

  return ret;
}

/*写函数*/
static ssize_t mem_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
{
  unsigned long p =  *ppos;
  unsigned int count = size;
  int ret = 0;
  struct mem_dev *dev = filp->private_data; /*获得设备结构体指针*/
  
  /*分析和获取有效的写长度*/
  if (p >= MEMDEV_SIZE)
    return 0;
  if (count > MEMDEV_SIZE - p)
    count = MEMDEV_SIZE - p;
    
  /*从用户空间写入数据*/
  if (copy_from_user(dev->data + p, buf, count))
    ret =  - EFAULT;
  else
  {
    *ppos += count;
    ret = count;
    
    printk(KERN_INFO "written %d bytes(s) from %d\n", count, p);
  }

  return ret;
}

/* seek文件定位函数 */
static loff_t mem_llseek(struct file *filp, loff_t offset, int whence)
{ 
    loff_t newpos;

    switch(whence) {
      case 0: /* SEEK_SET */
        newpos = offset;
        break;

      case 1: /* SEEK_CUR */
        newpos = filp->f_pos + offset;
        break;

      case 2: /* SEEK_END */
        newpos = MEMDEV_SIZE -1 + offset;
        break;

      default: /* can't happen */
        return -EINVAL;
    }
    if ((newpos<0) || (newpos>MEMDEV_SIZE))
    	return -EINVAL;
    	
    filp->f_pos = newpos;
    return newpos;

}

/*文件操作结构体*/
static const struct file_operations mem_fops =
{
  .owner = THIS_MODULE,
  .llseek = mem_llseek,
  .read = mem_read,
  .write = mem_write,
  .open = mem_open,
  .release = mem_release,
};

/*设备驱动模块加载函数*/
static int memdev_init(void)
{
  int result;
  int i;

  dev_t devno = MKDEV(mem_major, 0); /* 利用主设备号和次设备号构造设备号文件*/

  /* 静态申请设备号*/
  if (mem_major)
    result = register_chrdev_region(devno, 2, "memdev");
  else  /* 动态分配设备号 */
  {
    result = alloc_chrdev_region(&devno, 0, 2, "memdev");
    mem_major = MAJOR(devno); /* 取出主设备号*/
  }  
  
  if (result < 0)
    return result;
   
  /*初始化cdev结构*/
  cdev_init(&cdev, &mem_fops);
  cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
  cdev.ops = &mem_fops;
  
  /* 注册字符设备 */
  cdev_add(&cdev, MKDEV(mem_major, 0), MEMDEV_NR_DEVS); /*MEMDEV_NR_DEVS有多少个设备 */
   
  /* 为物理设备描述结构分配内存*/
  mem_devp = kmalloc(MEMDEV_NR_DEVS * sizeof(struct mem_dev), GFP_KERNEL);
  if (!mem_devp)    /*申请失败*/
  {
    result =  - ENOMEM;
    goto fail_malloc;
  }
  memset(mem_devp, 0, sizeof(struct mem_dev));
  
  /*为设备分配内存*/
  for (i=0; i < MEMDEV_NR_DEVS; i++) 
  {
        mem_devp[i].size = MEMDEV_SIZE; /*用4K模拟内存 */
        mem_devp[i].data = kmalloc(MEMDEV_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
        memset(mem_devp[i].data, 0, MEMDEV_SIZE);
  }
    
  return 0;

  fail_malloc: 
  unregister_chrdev_region(devno, 1);
  
  return result;
}

/*模块卸载函数*/
static void memdev_exit(void)
{
  cdev_del(&cdev);   /*注销设备*/
  kfree(mem_devp);     /*释放设备结构体内存*/
  unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(mem_major, 0), 2); /*释放设备号*/
}

MODULE_AUTHOR("Dr jing");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

module_init(memdev_init);
module_exit(memdev_exit);

测试程序app_mem.c

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
	FILE *fp0 = NULL;
	char Buf[4096];
	
	/*初始化Buf*/
	strcpy(Buf,"Mem is char dev!");
	printf("BUF: %s\n",Buf);
	
	/*打开设备文件*/
	fp0 = fopen("/dev/memdev0","r+");
	if (fp0 == NULL)
	{
		printf("Open Memdev0 Error!\n");
		return -1;
	}
	
	/*写入设备*/
	fwrite(Buf, sizeof(Buf), 1, fp0);
	
	/*重新定位文件位置（思考没有该指令，会有何后果)*/
	fseek(fp0,0,SEEK_SET);
	
	/*清除Buf*/
	strcpy(Buf,"Buf is NULL!");
	printf("BUF: %s\n",Buf);
	
	
	/*读出设备*/
	fread(Buf, sizeof(Buf), 1, fp0);
	
	/*检测结果*/
	printf("BUF: %s\n",Buf);
	
	return 0;	

}