Volley源码分析和学习

1.如何控制网络请求分发
先看如何利用volley框架发送一个简单地网络请求，在探究其中的请求分发机制。如下实例代码：

final TextView mTextView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.text);
...

// Instantiate the RequestQueue.
RequestQueue queue = Volley.newRequestQueue(this);
String url ="http://www.google.com";

// Request a string response from the provided URL.
StringRequest stringRequest = new StringRequest(Request.Method.GET, url,
            new Response.Listener<String>() {
    @Override
    public void onResponse(String response) {
        // Display the first 500 characters of the response string.
        mTextView.setText("Response is: "+ response.substring(0,500));
    }
}, new Response.ErrorListener() {
    @Override
    public void onErrorResponse(VolleyError error) {
        mTextView.setText("That didn't work!");
    }
});
// Add the request to the RequestQueue.
queue.add(stringRequest);

先利用Volley.newRequestQueue静态方法创建一个RequestQueue ，然后创建Volley提供的一个简单请求StringRequest ，在其中的监听器有服务器响应成功和失败的回调方法，这些方法是在主线程中执行，所以可以直接跟新UI。最后只要RequestQueue 的add方法把这个请求加入到队列中就可以了。
下面来研究这么简单地几行代码是如何做到发送网络请求的，上面这段代码有两句关键代码；

    RequestQueue queue = Volley.newRequestQueue(this);

和

    queue.add(stringRequest);

先看下newRequestQueue方法是如何创建一个RequestQueue，查看其具体的方法：

 /**
     * Creates a default instance of the worker pool and calls {@link RequestQueue#start()} on it.
     *
     * @param context A {@link Context} to use for creating the cache dir.
     * @param stack An {@link HttpStack} to use for the network, or null for default.
     * @return A started {@link RequestQueue} instance.
     */
    public static RequestQueue newRequestQueue(Context context, HttpStack stack) {
        File cacheDir = new File(context.getCacheDir(), DEFAULT_CACHE_DIR);

        String userAgent = "volley/0";
        try {
            String packageName = context.getPackageName();
            PackageInfo info = context.getPackageManager().getPackageInfo(packageName, 0);
            userAgent = packageName + "/" + info.versionCode;
        } catch (NameNotFoundException e) {
        }

        if (stack == null) {
            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 9) {
                stack = new HurlStack();
            } else {
                // Prior to Gingerbread, HttpUrlConnection was unreliable.
                // See: http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/09/androids-http-clients.html
                stack = new HttpClientStack(AndroidHttpClient.newInstance(userAgent));
            }
        }

        Network network = new BasicNetwork(stack);

        RequestQueue queue = new RequestQueue(new DiskBasedCache(cacheDir), network);
        queue.start();

        return queue;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a default instance of the worker pool and calls {@link RequestQueue#start()} on it.
     *
     * @param context A {@link Context} to use for creating the cache dir.
     * @return A started {@link RequestQueue} instance.
     */
    public static RequestQueue newRequestQueue(Context context) {
        return newRequestQueue(context, null);
    }

由注释可以看到这个方法创建了一个worker池，并调用RequestQueue的start方法来启动。函数传入连个参数一个是Context，一个是HttpStack ，HttpStack 默认为空，那么会创建一个HttpStack的实例，如果手机系统版本号大于9，那么创建一个HurlStack的实例，否则就创建一个HttpClientStack的实例。HurlStack内部使用HttpURLConnection进行网络通讯的，而HttpClientStack的内部则是使用HttpClient进行网络通讯的。
接下来又利用HurlStack来创建了一个Network对象，来处理网络请求，最后就是真正RequestQueue 的创建，需要传入两个参数，一个是用来传送请求的Network，一个用来处理缓存的cache，Network就是利用刚才创建的，cache利用DiskBasedCache，DiskBasedCache提供了一个文件对应一个请求的的缓存形式（a one-file-per-response cache with an in-memory index）。
需要注意的是，为了节约资源和避免RequestQueue 的重复创建，一般使用单利模式管理RequestQueue 。
RequestQueue 创建好之后，就调用了start方法，让这个RequestQueue 运行起来了。那究竟是怎么运行的，start方法中做了些什么，继续分析start方法。

/**
     * Starts the dispatchers in this queue.
     */
    public void start() {
        stop();  // Make sure any currently running dispatchers are stopped.
        // Create the cache dispatcher and start it.
        mCacheDispatcher = new CacheDispatcher(mCacheQueue, mNetworkQueue, mCache, mDelivery);
        mCacheDispatcher.start();

        // Create network dispatchers (and corresponding threads) up to the pool size.
        for (int i = 0; i < mDispatchers.length; i++) {
            NetworkDispatcher networkDispatcher = new NetworkDispatcher(mNetworkQueue, mNetwork,
                    mCache, mDelivery);
            mDispatchers[i] = networkDispatcher;
            networkDispatcher.start();
        }
    }

由注释可以知道，start是开启了RequestQueue 中的分发者（dispatchers ），具体是什么意思呢，这里的dispatcher是继承自Thread，也就是说是一个线程。先创建了一个CacheDispatcher（缓存线程）然后运行，然后调用for循环（默认循环4次）重复创建了NetworkDispatcher（网络请求线程），并依次调用start（）运行。也就是说RequestQueue的start方法执行完之后就有五个线程一直在运行，不断等待网络请求的到来。
注意到在创建CacheDispatcher和networkDispatcher 的时候需要传入几个参数：mCacheQueue、mNetworkQueue、mCache、mDelivery，mCacheQueue和mNetworkQueue都是PriorityBlockingQueue

 /**
     * Adds a Request to the dispatch queue.
     * @param request The request to service
     * @return The passed-in request
     */
    public <T> Request<T> add(Request<T> request) {
        // Tag the request as belonging to this queue and add it to the set of current requests.
        request.setRequestQueue(this);
        synchronized (mCurrentRequests) {
            mCurrentRequests.add(request);
        }

        // Process requests in the order they are added.
        request.setSequence(getSequenceNumber());
        request.addMarker("add-to-queue");

        // If the request is uncacheable, skip the cache queue and go straight to the network.
        if (!request.shouldCache()) {
            mNetworkQueue.add(request);
            return request;
        }

        // Insert request into stage if there's already a request with the same cache key in flight.
        synchronized (mWaitingRequests) {
            String cacheKey = request.getCacheKey();
            if (mWaitingRequests.containsKey(cacheKey)) {
                // There is already a request in flight. Queue up.
                Queue<Request<?>> stagedRequests = mWaitingRequests.get(cacheKey);
                if (stagedRequests == null) {
                    stagedRequests = new LinkedList<Request<?>>();
                }
                stagedRequests.add(request);
                mWaitingRequests.put(cacheKey, stagedRequests);
                if (VolleyLog.DEBUG) {
                    VolleyLog.v("Request for cacheKey=%s is in flight, putting on hold.", cacheKey);
                }
            } else {
                // Insert 'null' queue for this cacheKey, indicating there is now a request in
                // flight.
                mWaitingRequests.put(cacheKey, null);
                mCacheQueue.add(request);
            }
            return request;
        }
    }

首先将add方法传入的request请求绑定到当前的RequestQueue，并且加入到当前的请求集中，然后给request进行编号方便按照编号依次处理。接下来就是具体的添加逻辑。
先判断当前的请求是否可以缓存，如果不能缓存则直接将这条请求加入网络请求队列，可以缓存的话则将这条请求加入缓存队列。在默认情况下，每条请求都是可以缓存的，就加入到了缓存队列中，这样之前提到的缓存线程（CacheDispatcher）就开始运行起来了，具体怎么对队列中的request进行处理，就要分析CacheDispatcher的run方法。

  @Override
    public void run() {
        if (DEBUG) VolleyLog.v("start new dispatcher");
        Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);

        // Make a blocking call to initialize the cache.
        mCache.initialize();

        while (true) {
            try {
                // Get a request from the cache triage queue, blocking until
                // at least one is available.
                final Request<?> request = mCacheQueue.take();
                request.addMarker("cache-queue-take");

                // If the request has been canceled, don't bother dispatching it.
                if (request.isCanceled()) {
                    request.finish("cache-discard-canceled");
                    continue;
                }

                // Attempt to retrieve this item from cache.
                Cache.Entry entry = mCache.get(request.getCacheKey());
                if (entry == null) {
                    request.addMarker("cache-miss");
                    // Cache miss; send off to the network dispatcher.
                    mNetworkQueue.put(request);
                    continue;
                }

                // If it is completely expired, just send it to the network.
                if (entry.isExpired()) {
                    request.addMarker("cache-hit-expired");
                    request.setCacheEntry(entry);
                    mNetworkQueue.put(request);
                    continue;
                }

                // We have a cache hit; parse its data for delivery back to the request.
                request.addMarker("cache-hit");
                Response<?> response = request.parseNetworkResponse(
                        new NetworkResponse(entry.data, entry.responseHeaders));
                request.addMarker("cache-hit-parsed");

                if (!entry.refreshNeeded()) {
                    // Completely unexpired cache hit. Just deliver the response.
                    mDelivery.postResponse(request, response);
                } else {
                    // Soft-expired cache hit. We can deliver the cached response,
                    // but we need to also send the request to the network for
                    // refreshing.
                    request.addMarker("cache-hit-refresh-needed");
                    request.setCacheEntry(entry);

                    // Mark the response as intermediate.
                    response.intermediate = true;

                    // Post the intermediate response back to the user and have
                    // the delivery then forward the request along to the network.
                    mDelivery.postResponse(request, response, new Runnable() {
                        @Override
                        public void run() {
                            try {
                                mNetworkQueue.put(request);
                            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                                // Not much we can do about this.
                            }
                        }
                    });
                }

            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                // We may have been interrupted because it was time to quit.
                if (mQuit) {
                    return;
                }
                continue;
            }
        }
    }

这个处理逻辑是在while（true）循环中运行的，说明缓存线程一直是运行中的。如果request已经被取消，那么就不要进行请求分发；接着尝试从缓存当中取出响应结果，如何为空的话则把这条请求加入到网络请求队列中，如果不为空的话再判断该缓存是否已过期，如果已经过期了则同样把这条请求加入到网络请求队列中，否则就认为不需要重发网络请求，直接使用缓存中的数据即可。如果缓存的数据需要刷新，那么缓存的数据就是软过期的，可以直接返回缓存的响应，但是也需要把这个请求发送到网络请求队列中。
最后利用request的parseNetworkResponse()方法来对response数据进行解析，比如我们之前用过的StringRequest，将结果解析为字符串，如果我们自定义request，就会调用重写的parseNetworkResponse()方法进行数据解析。
类似的，NetworkDispatcher中 的run方法也是大同小异。

@Override
    public void run() {
        Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
        while (true) {
            long startTimeMs = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
            Request<?> request;
            try {
                // Take a request from the queue.
                request = mQueue.take();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                // We may have been interrupted because it was time to quit.
                if (mQuit) {
                    return;
                }
                continue;
            }

            try {
                request.addMarker("network-queue-take");

                // If the request was cancelled already, do not perform the
                // network request.
                if (request.isCanceled()) {
                    request.finish("network-discard-cancelled");
                    continue;
                }

                addTrafficStatsTag(request);

                // Perform the network request.
                NetworkResponse networkResponse = mNetwork.performRequest(request);
                request.addMarker("network-http-complete");

                // If the server returned 304 AND we delivered a response already,
                // we're done -- don't deliver a second identical response.
                if (networkResponse.notModified && request.hasHadResponseDelivered()) {
                    request.finish("not-modified");
                    continue;
                }

                // Parse the response here on the worker thread.
                Response<?> response = request.parseNetworkResponse(networkResponse);
                request.addMarker("network-parse-complete");

                // Write to cache if applicable.
                // TODO: Only update cache metadata instead of entire record for 304s.
                if (request.shouldCache() && response.cacheEntry != null) {
                    mCache.put(request.getCacheKey(), response.cacheEntry);
                    request.addMarker("network-cache-written");
                }

                // Post the response back.
                request.markDelivered();
                mDelivery.postResponse(request, response);
            } catch (VolleyError volleyError) {
                volleyError.setNetworkTimeMs(SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - startTimeMs);
                parseAndDeliverNetworkError(request, volleyError);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                VolleyLog.e(e, "Unhandled exception %s", e.toString());
                VolleyError volleyError = new VolleyError(e);
                volleyError.setNetworkTimeMs(SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - startTimeMs);
                mDelivery.postError(request, volleyError);
            }
        }
    }

网络请求线程调用Network的performRequest()方法来去发送网络请求来获取响应，然后放入缓存中。在解析完了NetworkResponse中的数据之后，又会调用ExecutorDelivery的postResponse()方法来回调解析出的数据，代码如下：

   @Override
    public void postResponse(Request<?> request, Response<?> response, Runnable runnable) {
        request.markDelivered();
        request.addMarker("post-response");
        mResponsePoster.execute(new ResponseDeliveryRunnable(request, response, runnable));
    }

其中，在mResponsePoster的execute()方法中传入了一个ResponseDeliveryRunnable对象，这个是ExecutorDelivery的内部类，代码如下：

/**
     * A Runnable used for delivering network responses to a listener on the
     * main thread.
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
    private class ResponseDeliveryRunnable implements Runnable {
        private final Request mRequest;
        private final Response mResponse;
        private final Runnable mRunnable;

        public ResponseDeliveryRunnable(Request request, Response response, Runnable runnable) {
            mRequest = request;
            mResponse = response;
            mRunnable = runnable;
        }

        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        @Override
        public void run() {
            // If this request has canceled, finish it and don't deliver.
            if (mRequest.isCanceled()) {
                mRequest.finish("canceled-at-delivery");
                return;
            }

            // Deliver a normal response or error, depending.
            if (mResponse.isSuccess()) {
                mRequest.deliverResponse(mResponse.result);
            } else {
                mRequest.deliverError(mResponse.error);
            }

            // If this is an intermediate response, add a marker, otherwise we're done
            // and the request can be finished.
            if (mResponse.intermediate) {
                mRequest.addMarker("intermediate-response");
            } else {
                mRequest.finish("done");
            }

            // If we have been provided a post-delivery runnable, run it.
            if (mRunnable != null) {
                mRunnable.run();
            }
       }
    }

有注释可以知道，主要是用来将网络请求响应返回到主线程中，那个这个线程怎么就是在主线程中执行呢，可以看一下mResponsePoster的构造方法：

  public ExecutorDelivery(final Handler handler) {
        // Make an Executor that just wraps the handler.
        mResponsePoster = new Executor() {
            @Override
            public void execute(Runnable command) {
                handler.post(command);
            }
        };
    }
     /**
     * Creates the worker pool. Processing will not begin until {@link #start()} is called.
     *
     * @param cache A Cache to use for persisting responses to disk
     * @param network A Network interface for performing HTTP requests
     * @param threadPoolSize Number of network dispatcher threads to create
     */
    public RequestQueue(Cache cache, Network network, int threadPoolSize) {
        this(cache, network, threadPoolSize,
                new ExecutorDelivery(new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper())));
    }

这下就明白了，execute其实就是执行的是handler.post(Runnable runnable)方法，这个handler是通过Looper.getMainLooper()方法获得的，这样就保证是在主线程中执行，可以顺利地跟新UI。

最后，这个流程可以利用官方的一个流程图来展示：

其中蓝色部分代表主线程，绿色部分代表缓存线程，橙色部分代表网络线程。我们在主线程中调用RequestQueue的add()方法来添加一条网络请求，这条请求会先被加入到缓存队列当中，如果发现可以找到相应的缓存结果就直接读取缓存并解析，然后回调给主线程。如果在缓存中没有找到结果，则将这条请求加入到网络请求队列中，然后处理发送HTTP请求，解析响应结果，写入缓存，并回调主线程。

3.网络请求优先级如何实现？
可以覆写getPrioriity()方法，优先级有LOW，NORMAL,HIGH,IMMEDIATE

  /**
     * Returns the {@link Priority} of this request; {@link Priority#NORMAL} by default.
     */
    public Priority getPriority() {
        return Priority.NORMAL;
    }  

4.网络请求如何取消？

可以利用tag来取消，下面是示例代码：
1. Define your tag and add it to your requests.

public static final String TAG = "MyTag";
StringRequest stringRequest; // Assume this exists.
RequestQueue mRequestQueue;  // Assume this exists.

// Set the tag on the request.
stringRequest.setTag(TAG);

// Add the request to the RequestQueue.
mRequestQueue.add(stringRequest);

1. 在activity的onStop（）方法中取消

@Override
protected void onStop () {
    super.onStop();
    if (mRequestQueue != null) {
        mRequestQueue.cancelAll(TAG);
    }
}

最后再看下volley是怎么实现http缓存的。
先看是在哪里发送http请求，是在BasicNetwork这个类中，这个类继承了Network接口，实现了其中了的performRequest（）方法，用来发送一个request并返回对应的NetworkResponse

public NetworkResponse performRequest(Request<?> request) throws VolleyError;

具体实现如下：

 @Override
    public NetworkResponse performRequest(Request<?> request) throws VolleyError {
        long requestStart = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
        while (true) {
            HttpResponse httpResponse = null;
            byte[] responseContents = null;
            Map<String, String> responseHeaders = Collections.emptyMap();
            try {
                // Gather headers.
                Map<String, String> headers = new HashMap<String, String>();
                addCacheHeaders(headers, request.getCacheEntry());
                httpResponse = mHttpStack.performRequest(request, headers);
                StatusLine statusLine = httpResponse.getStatusLine();
                int statusCode = statusLine.getStatusCode();

                responseHeaders = convertHeaders(httpResponse.getAllHeaders());
                // Handle cache validation.
                if (statusCode == HttpStatus.SC_NOT_MODIFIED) {

                    Entry entry = request.getCacheEntry();
                    if (entry == null) {
                        return new NetworkResponse(HttpStatus.SC_NOT_MODIFIED, null,
                                responseHeaders, true,
                                SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - requestStart);
                    }

                    // A HTTP 304 response does not have all header fields. We
                    // have to use the header fields from the cache entry plus
                    // the new ones from the response.
                    // http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.3.5
                    entry.responseHeaders.putAll(responseHeaders);
                    return new NetworkResponse(HttpStatus.SC_NOT_MODIFIED, entry.data,
                            entry.responseHeaders, true,
                            SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - requestStart);
                }

                // Some responses such as 204s do not have content.  We must check.
                if (httpResponse.getEntity() != null) {
                  responseContents = entityToBytes(httpResponse.getEntity());
                } else {
                  // Add 0 byte response as a way of honestly representing a
                  // no-content request.
                  responseContents = new byte[0];
                }

                // if the request is slow, log it.
                long requestLifetime = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - requestStart;
                logSlowRequests(requestLifetime, request, responseContents, statusLine);

                if (statusCode < 200 || statusCode > 299) {
                    throw new IOException();
                }
                return new NetworkResponse(statusCode, responseContents, responseHeaders, false,
                        SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - requestStart);
            } catch (SocketTimeoutException e) {
                attemptRetryOnException("socket", request, new TimeoutError());
            } catch (ConnectTimeoutException e) {
                attemptRetryOnException("connection", request, new TimeoutError());
            } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException("Bad URL " + request.getUrl(), e);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                int statusCode = 0;
                NetworkResponse networkResponse = null;
                if (httpResponse != null) {
                    statusCode = httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
                } else {
                    throw new NoConnectionError(e);
                }
                VolleyLog.e("Unexpected response code %d for %s", statusCode, request.getUrl());
                if (responseContents != null) {
                    networkResponse = new NetworkResponse(statusCode, responseContents,
                            responseHeaders, false, SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() - requestStart);
                    if (statusCode == HttpStatus.SC_UNAUTHORIZED ||
                            statusCode == HttpStatus.SC_FORBIDDEN) {
                        attemptRetryOnException("auth",
                                request, new AuthFailureError(networkResponse));
                    } else {
                        // TODO: Only throw ServerError for 5xx status codes.
                        throw new ServerError(networkResponse);
                    }
                } else {
                    throw new NetworkError(networkResponse);
                }
            }
        }
    }


 private void addCacheHeaders(Map<String, String> headers, Cache.Entry entry) {
        // If there's no cache entry, we're done.
        if (entry == null) {
            return;
        }

        if (entry.etag != null) {
            headers.put("If-None-Match", entry.etag);
        }

        if (entry.lastModified > 0) {
            Date refTime = new Date(entry.lastModified);
            headers.put("If-Modified-Since", DateUtils.formatDate(refTime));
        }
    }

可以看到，在发送请求前，先调用了 addCacheHeaders(headers, request.getCacheEntry())这个方法，这个方法的作用就是如果一个请求没有缓存的实体，那么什么也不做，如果有缓存的实体，那么从缓存实体中取出Etag,Last-Modify，对应的放入If-Modified-Since、If-None-Match这两个信息中，，组成一个header，利用mHttpStack发送请求，在

httpResponse = mHttpStack.performRequest(request, headers);

这个方法中将这个header和请求一起发送给服务器。即把上次请求返回的Etag值，以及上一次修改的时间，发送给服务器。服务器在接收到这个请求的时候，先解析Header里头的信息，然后校验该头部信息。如果该文件从上次时间到现在都没有过修改或者Etag信息没有变化，则服务端将直接返回一个304的状态，表示这个缓存是新鲜的，可以直接使用缓存，那么客户端只需要将这个缓存实体entity包装成NetworkResponse返回即可，另外的状态使用请求返回的httpResponse中的byte[]数据包装成NetworkResponse返回。

httpResponse 中返回的头信息responseHeaders也被一同放入 NetworkResponse中。

上面主要是用来对过期缓存或者不新鲜缓存，进行请求再验证，那么怎么判断一个请求是不是需要缓存呢，主要是在HttpHeaderParser这个类中，里面有个parseCacheHeaders（）方法

 /**
     * Extracts a {@link Cache.Entry} from a {@link NetworkResponse}.
     *
     * @param response The network response to parse headers from
     * @return a cache entry for the given response, or null if the response is not cacheable.
     */
    public static Cache.Entry parseCacheHeaders(NetworkResponse response) {
        long now = System.currentTimeMillis();

        Map<String, String> headers = response.headers;

        long serverDate = 0;
        long lastModified = 0;
        long serverExpires = 0;
        long softExpire = 0;
        long finalExpire = 0;
        long maxAge = 0;
        long staleWhileRevalidate = 0;
        boolean hasCacheControl = false;
        boolean mustRevalidate = false;

        String serverEtag = null;
        String headerValue;

        headerValue = headers.get("Date");
        if (headerValue != null) {
            serverDate = parseDateAsEpoch(headerValue);
        }

        headerValue = headers.get("Cache-Control");
        if (headerValue != null) {
            hasCacheControl = true;
            String[] tokens = headerValue.split(",");
            for (int i = 0; i < tokens.length; i++) {
                String token = tokens[i].trim();
                if (token.equals("no-cache") || token.equals("no-store")) {
                    return null;
                } else if (token.startsWith("max-age=")) {
                    try {
                        maxAge = Long.parseLong(token.substring(8));
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                    }
                } else if (token.startsWith("stale-while-revalidate=")) {
                    try {
                        staleWhileRevalidate = Long.parseLong(token.substring(23));
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                    }
                } else if (token.equals("must-revalidate") || token.equals("proxy-revalidate")) {
                    mustRevalidate = true;
                }
            }
        }

传入的参数就是我们之前返回的包装好的NetworkResponse，返回的是Cache.Entry，Cache是一个接口，Entry是一个静态内部类，代表缓存实体，其成员变量和方法
byte[] data 请求返回的数据（Body 实体）
String etag Http 响应首部中用于缓存新鲜度验证的 ETag
long serverDate Http 响应首部中的响应产生时间
long ttl 缓存的过期时间
long softTtl 缓存的新鲜时间

boolean isExpired() 判断缓存是否过期，过期缓存不能继续使用
boolean refreshNeeded() 判断缓存是否新鲜，不新鲜的缓存需要发到服务端做新鲜度的检测

方法体中，通过NetworkResponse的 Header 和 Body 内容，构建缓存实体。先对header进行解析，如果 Header 的 Cache-Control 字段含有no-cache或no-store表示不缓存，返回 null。
(1). 根据 Date 首部，获取响应生成时间
(2). 根据 ETag 首部，获取响应实体标签
(3). 根据 Cache－Control 和 Expires 首部，计算出缓存的过期时间，和缓存的新鲜度时间
最后构建成Cache.Entry返回。