新概念英语Ⅲ笔记 - L1-L3

学习

Lesson 1 - A Puma at large

课文

Pumas are large, cat-like animals which are found in America. When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were extraordinarily similar.
The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman picking blackberries saw ‘a large cat’ only five yards away from her. It immediately ran away when she saw it, and experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being unless it is cornered. The search proved difficult, for the puma was often observed at one place in the morning and at another place twenty miles away in the evening. Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits. Paw prints were seen in a number of places and puma fur was found clinging to bushes. Several people complained of "cat-like noises’ at night and a businessman on a fishing trip saw the puma up a tree. The experts were now fully convinced that the animal was a puma, but where had it come from? As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the country, this one must have been in the possession of a private collector and somehow managed to escape. The hunt went on for several weeks, but the puma was not caught. It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.

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单词讲解

• puma n.美洲狮
• spot v.看出，发现；n.斑点，地点，少量
  • on the spot 在现场
  • evidence n.证据 evident a.明显的，清楚的
    a piece of evidence
    self-evident a.不证自明的，显而易见的
    延伸词：court n.法院
• accumulate v.积累，积聚
  accumulate possessions积累财富
  • 近义词：amass vt.积聚，积累(L59):amass possessions/a fortunate积累财富
  • pile v.堆积，积累 pile up 堆积，积累(L33)
    collect
    gather v.收集，聚集
    hoard v.囤积（尤指没有必要这么做）；n.贮藏
• oblige v.使……感到必须 obligation n.责任，义务
  • be/feel obliged to do sth. 有责任/义务做某事，不得不做某事
  • be/feel compelled to do sth. 不得不做某事，必须做某事
  • be/feel impelled to do sth. 不得不做某事，必须做某事
  • be obliged to sb. for sth. 因为某事而感谢某人
• hunt n.追猎；寻找
  hunt for
  blackberry n.黑莓
• human being 人类（可数）
  • a human being，human beings
    近义词：man，mankind，humankind，human race，humanity
• corner v.使走投无路，使陷入困境
• trail n.一串，一系列（量词）
• print n.印痕
• cling v.粘
  cling to
• convince v.使……信服 convincing a.令人信服的
  • convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事
    例句：He failed to convince the jury of his innocence.
  • cure sb. of sth.
    inform sb. of sth.
    remind sb. of sth.
    rob sb. of sth.
    deprive sb. of sth.
    assure sb. of sth.
• somehow ad.不知怎么搞地，不知什么原因
  somewhat
  somewhere
• disturb v.令人不安,打扰
  • 例句：Do not disturb.
    Sorry to disturb you, but I really need you help.

课文讲解

• at large 在逃的，未被控制住的，未被捕获的
  a puma (which was) at large.定语从句，关系代词which作主语，其后紧跟be动词的话，可将作主语的which和be动词省略。

无灵主语/物称主语（inanimate subject）

示例→

• When reports came into London Zoo.
• l thought of a good idea.(人称主语)
  A good idea came into my mind.(物称主语)
  A good idea flashed my mind.(物称主语)
• He went to the town on business.(人称主语)
  Business took him to the town.(物称主语)
• A warm and sunny Sunday found my whole family going for anouting at the beach.(物称主语)

同位语从句和定语从句的区别(课文第二句that同位语从句)

1. 从定义上看：
   同位语从句解释前面名词的具体内容；
   而定语从句仅起到后置定语的作用，常译为“……的”；
2. 从形式上看：
   同位语从句中的“that”仅起到连接符号的作用，不充当语法成分；
   而定语从句中的“that”是关系代词，在从句定充当主语、宾语或表语。

示例→
The proposal that John should be dismissed is unacceptable.（同位语从句）
The proposal that John put forward is unacceptable.（定语从句）

• take……seriously重视
  take……lightly轻视
• 引导原因状语从句的连词：because、since、as、for、in that、now(that)（L8）等。
• 非谓语动词作后置定语：a woman picking blackberries
• “claim to have done……”（强调在“声称”前发生）——动词不定式的完成时。使用场景：固定搭配是to do，且同时要表示先发生。如不强调先发生，则使用“claim to do……”即可。
• 仅仅：only，just，merely，no more than……
• prove (to be)+ a./n. 被证明是……

  His injury proved (to be) fatal.
  The operation proved (to be) a success.

• turn out to be +a./n. 原来是……（强调出乎意料）

  Eric’s girlfriend turned out to be his half-sister.

• 疑问词+ever（whenever，wherever，whoever，whichever，whatever……）有两个含义：
  1、 表示“无论……”，引导让步状语从句。=no matter + 疑问词
  2、表示“到底……”，用于疑问句中。

  "Whatever are you doing up here Bill ?"asked the vicar in surprise.
  Wherever did you go yesterday?
  When ever am I going to see you again?（表示“到底”的疑问句中“When ever”可分开）

• 主语补足语

  As no pumas had been reported missing from any zoo in the Country……
  The fire was reported controlled.（主语补足语，简洁）
  It is reported that the fire was controlled.（复合句，啰嗦）

• complain of/about sth. 抱怨某事
• be convinced that…… 完全相信……
  与“convince sb. of sth.”相比，缺少“of”。原因：that从句不用在介词后边，故删去“of”。然而有几个特例：in that……，except/but that……。
• must have done 表示对过去发生事情的推测（语气较肯定）

  You must have been ill yesterday. You looked so pale.