【Servlet实现Filter过滤器之自动处理编码问题】

一、导包

导入pom.xml相关依赖包

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.hwh</groupId>
    <artifactId>javaweb-filter</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>


    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.1</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.1</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>jstl</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>taglibs</groupId>
            <artifactId>standard</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.23</version>
        </dependency>


    </dependencies>
</project>

二、编写过滤器

• 导入的Filter一定是pom.xml里面一样的，然后重写Filter的三个方法
  

• 在过滤器中设置网页的编码格式，这样就不用在每一个网页都去设置了网页的编码格式

public class CharacterEncodingFilter implements Filter {

    //初始化
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        System.out.println("Filter初始化创建了");
    }


    /*
    Chain: 链

    1.doFilter过滤中的代码，在过滤特定请求时都会执行
    2.在请求执行完这个过滤操作时，还要让请求继续走

     */
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {

        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");

        chain.doFilter(request,response); //让我们的代码继续执行，如果不写，则程序到这里就会被拦截停止
    }

    //销毁
    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("Filter销毁了");
    }
}

• 创建一个类没有实现过滤器看看效果

public class ShowServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.getWriter().write("您好呀，这个世界");

    }
        @Override
        protected void doPost (HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
            super.doGet(req, resp);
        }

}

• 可以看到在网页中的输出变成乱码了
  

• 然后我们在web.xml中设置这两个servlet类

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">

    
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>ShowServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.hwh.servlet.ShowServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>ShowServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/servlet</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <filter>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>com.hwh.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<!--所有/servlet带后缀的路径都会经过这个Filter过滤器-->
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
    
</web-app>

• 当我们访问这个包下的任意网页现在就都会自动转编码了