挺考智力的题目。
思路:
1 如果是假币,那么每次都必定引起天平的不平衡
2 如果天平平横,那么全部都肯定是真币
利用这个特性,利用hash表,就能写出很简洁的程序。
如果使用枚举,那么会(轻松?)过百行的代码的。
当然其实题目给出了条件:一定可以找出唯一的假币的。
如果没有这个条件,那么是不一定可以三次称,就能确定结果的。
下面程序参考了别人的:
http://www.cnblogs.com/orangeman/archive/2009/07/10/1520663.html
这个家伙的思路也不错,而且给出的额外的cases都是正确的:http://www.slyar.com/blog/poj-1013-c.html
原题:
http://poj.org/problem?id=1013
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class CounterfeitDollar
{
const static int ALPHA = 12;
const static int TIMES = 3;
string s1, s2, s3;
public:
CounterfeitDollar()
{
int n;
cin>>n;
while (n--)
{
int tbl[ALPHA][TIMES] = {0};
int balance[TIMES] = {0};
for (int i = 0; i < TIMES; i++)
{
cin>>s1>>s2>>s3;
for (int j = 0; j < (int)s1.size(); j++)
{
tbl[s1[j] - 'A'][i] = -1;
tbl[s2[j] - 'A'][i] = 1;
}
if ('e' == s3[0]) balance[i] = 0;
else if ('d' == s3[0]) balance[i] = 1;
else balance[i] = -1;
}
for (int i = 0; i < ALPHA; i++)
{
if (balance[0] == -tbl[i][0] && balance[1] == -tbl[i][1] &&
balance[2] == -tbl[i][2])
{
cout<<char('A'+i)
<<" is the counterfeit coin and it is light.\n";
break;
}
else if (balance[0] == tbl[i][0] && balance[1] == tbl[i][1]
&& balance[2] == tbl[i][2])
{
cout<<char('A'+i)
<<" is the counterfeit coin and it is heavy.\n";
break;
}
}
}//while (n--)
}
};
int counterfeitDollar()
{
CounterfeitDollar();
return 0;
}
更新一个新的解法:
1 如果是even,那么所有是真币,所以设置为10
2 如果硬币在轻的一方,那么--,如果在重的一方,那么++
3 最后找到差别最大的硬币,那么就为假币
4 如果假币为负数,那么就比真币轻, 如果为正,那么就比真币重。
这回是原创的程序的,感觉比前面的更加容易理解。
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class CounterfeitDollar_2
{
const static int ALPHA = 12;
const static int TIMES = 3;
string s1, s2, s3;
public:
CounterfeitDollar_2()
{
int n;
cin>>n;
while (n--)
{
int tbl[ALPHA] = {0};
int balance[TIMES] = {0};
for (int i = 0; i < TIMES; i++)
{
cin>>s1>>s2>>s3;
if ('e' == s3[0])
{
for (int i = 0; i < (int)s1.size(); i++)
{
tbl[s1[i] - 'A'] = 10;
tbl[s2[i] - 'A'] = 10;
}
}
else if ('d' == s3[0])
{
for (int i = 0; i < (int)s1.size(); i++)
{
if (tbl[s1[i] - 'A'] != 10) tbl[s1[i] - 'A']--;
if (tbl[s2[i] - 'A'] != 10) tbl[s2[i] - 'A']++;
}
}
else
{
for (int i = 0; i < (int)s1.size(); i++)
{
if (tbl[s1[i] - 'A'] != 10) tbl[s1[i] - 'A']++;
if (tbl[s2[i] - 'A'] != 10) tbl[s2[i] - 'A']--;
}
}
}
int id = 0, diff = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < ALPHA; i++)
{
if (tbl[i] != 10 && diff < abs(tbl[i]))
{
diff = abs(tbl[i]);
id = i;
}
}
cout<<char('A'+id);
if (tbl[id] < 0)
cout<<" is the counterfeit coin and it is light.\n";
else
cout<<" is the counterfeit coin and it is heavy.\n";
}//while (n--)
}
};
int main()
{
CounterfeitDollar_2();
return 0;
}