linux pstore驱动分析和调试

1.简介

pstore（persistent storage）

　　主要用于存储内核异常时的log信息。实现方式是，管理一块“非易失性的存储空间”，如不断电的RAM或外部存储，当系统异常时，将log信息写到Pstore管理的存储空间，直到下一次系统正常时，在将log读出来，以文件形式提供给用户使用。

　　ramoops指的是采用ram保存oops信息的一个功能，在内核开关中用3个开关控制：PSTORE_CONSOLE控制是否保存控制台输出，PSTORE_FTRACE控制是否保存函数调用序列，PSTORE_RAM控制是否保存panic/oops信息。

　　pstore简单来说就是一个小文件系统。主要是读取Android设备内核日志时会用到该模块。

2.整体框架

 

3. 配置

3.1. dts

32位操作系统如下配置

reserved-memory { 　　#address-cells = <2>; 　　#size-cells = <2>; 　　ranges; 　　reg = <0x50008000 0x100000>; 　　reg-names = "reserved-memory "; }; ramoops { 　　compatible = "ramoops "; 　　record-size = <0x0 0x20000>; 　　console-size = <0x0 0x20000>; 　　ftrace-size = <0x0 0x20000>; 　　pmsg-size = <0x0 0x20000>; 　　memory-region = <&reserved-memory>; 　　status = "okay"; };

　　由于dts指定的是物理地址，如果内核地址为0x40008000那么可以把pstore地址配置为0x50008000，留出256M空间给内核使用。reg这么配置是32位。每个日志是128KB，总大小是1M，最多可有8个。

3.2. Kconfig

文件路径：linux/fs/pstore/Kconfig

部分内容如下

config PSTORE tristate "Persistent store support" select CRYPTO if PSTORE_COMPRESS default n help    This option enables generic access to platform level    persistent storage via "pstore" filesystem that can    be mounted as /dev/pstore.  Only useful if you have    a platform level driver that registers with pstore to    provide the data, so you probably should just go say "Y"    (or "M") to a platform specific persistent store driver    (e.g. ACPI_APEI on X86) which will select this for you.    If you don't have a platform persistent store driver,    say N. config PSTORE_CONSOLE bool "Log kernel console messages" depends on PSTORE help   When the option is enabled, pstore will log all kernel   messages, even if no oops or panic happened. config PSTORE_PMSG bool "Log user space messages" depends on PSTORE help   When the option is enabled, pstore will export a character   interface /dev/pmsg0 to log user space messages. On reboot   data can be retrieved from /sys/fs/pstore/pmsg-ramoops-[ID].   If unsure, say N. config PSTORE_FTRACE bool "Persistent function tracer" depends on PSTORE depends on FUNCTION_TRACER depends on DEBUG_FS help   With this option kernel traces function calls into a persistent   ram buffer that can be decoded and dumped after reboot through   pstore filesystem. It can be used to determine what function   was last called before a reset or panic.   If unsure, say N. config PSTORE_RAM tristate "Log panic/oops to a RAM buffer" depends on PSTORE depends on HAS_IOMEM depends on HAVE_MEMBLOCK select REED_SOLOMON select REED_SOLOMON_ENC8 select REED_SOLOMON_DEC8 help   This enables panic and oops messages to be logged to a circular   buffer in RAM where it can be read back at some later point.   Note that for historical reasons, the module will be named   "ramoops.ko".   For more information, see Documentation/admin-guide/ramoops.rst.

根据Kconfig文件，对应的配置选项为

选项	Kconfig选项	含义
PSTORE_CONSOLE	Log kernel console messages	内核日志信息
PSTORE_PMSG	Log user space messages	用户日志信息
PSTORE_FTRACE	Persistent function tracer	函数调用关系
PSTORE_RAM	Log panic/oops to a RAM buffer"	内核崩溃或错误日志

3.3. makefile

文件路径：fs/pstore/makefile

# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 # # Makefile for the linux pstorefs routines. # obj-$(CONFIG_PSTORE) += pstore.o pstore-objs += inode.o platform.o pstore-$(CONFIG_PSTORE_FTRACE) += ftrace.o pstore-$(CONFIG_PSTORE_PMSG) += pmsg.o ramoops-objs += ram.o ram_core.o obj-$(CONFIG_PSTORE_RAM) += ramoops.o

默认就已经配好了。

3.4. menuconfig配置

如下面三张图配置对应的选项

 

 

3.5. 编译

make kernel -j8

4. 测试

查看模pstore模块开起来没有

dmesg | grep -i pstore dmesg | grep -i ramoops

日志生成目录

cd /sys/fs/pstore

生成一个内核日志和用户日志

reboot

产生一个崩溃日志

echo c > /proc/sysrq-trigger

产生函数调用日志

echo 1 > /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq

5. 测试参考资料

Documentation/ramoops.txt

linux pstore/ram 实现kernel panic/oops奔溃log抓取保存_うちは止水的博客-CSDN博客_linux内核崩溃日志保存

Linux Pstore 简介_fkinging的博客-CSDN博客

读取 Android 设备内核日志的方法 - ZanyRain - 博客园

http://iyounix.com/2018/03/03/Android_Driver/Driver/[Android7.1[RK3399]%20%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%20ramoops%20%E6%9C%BA%E5%88%B6%E6%9F%A5%E7%9C%8B%E5%BC%80%E6%9C%BA%20Kernel%20Log/

Pstore 的一些记录 | Andy.Lee's Blog