条件变量是利用线程间共享的全局变量进行同步的一种机制,主要包括两个动作:一个线程等待 “ 条件变量的条件成立” 而挂起,另一个线程使 “条件成立 ”(给出条件成立信号),为了防止竞争,条件变量的使用总是和一个互斥锁结合在一起。
下面这个例子展示的是互斥锁和条件变量的结合使用,以及取消对于条件等待动作的影响,例子中有两个线程被启动,并等待同一个条件变量。
#include<stdio.h>
#include<pthread.h>
#include<unistd.h>
pthread_mutex_t mutex; // 互斥量
pthread_cond_t cond; // 条件变量
void* child1( void* param )
{
pthread_cleanup_push( (void (*)(void*))pthread_mutex_unlock, (void*)&mutex );
while( 1 )
{
printf( "thread 1 get running\n" );
printf( "thread 1 pthread_mutex_lock returns %d\n", pthread_mutex_lock( &mutex ) );
pthread_cond_wait( &cond, &mutex ); // 无条件等待
printf( "thread 1 condition applied\n" );
pthread_mutex_unlock( &mutex );
sleep( 5 );
}
pthread_cleanup_pop( 0 );
return ( void* )0;
}
void* child2( void* param )
{
while( 1 )
{
sleep( 3 );
printf( "thread 2 get running\n" );
printf( "thread 2 pthread_mutex_lock returns %d\n", pthread_mutex_lock( &mutex ) );
pthread_cond_wait( &cond, &mutex ); // 无条件等待
printf( "thread 2 condition applied\n" );
pthread_mutex_unlock( &mutex );
sleep( 1 );
}
return ( void* )0;
}
int main()
{
pthread_t tid1, tid2;
printf( "hello, condition variable test\n" );
pthread_mutex_init( &mutex, NULL ); // 初始化 互斥锁
pthread_cond_init( &cond, NULL ); // 初始化 条件变量
pthread_create( &tid1, NULL, child1, NULL ); // new 线程 tid1
pthread_create( &tid2, NULL, child2, NULL ); // new 线程 tid2
do
{
sleep( 2 );
pthread_cancel( tid1 ); // 发送终止信号给 tid1,具体请google 取消点 cancel point
sleep( 2 );
pthread_cond_signal( &cond ); // 激活一个等待该条件的线程
}while( 1 );
sleep( 100 );
pthread_exit( 0 );
return 0;
}
// pthread_cond_wait会先解除之前的pthread_mutex_lock锁定的mutex,然后阻塞在等待队列里休眠,直到再次被唤醒(大多数情况下是等待的条件成立而被唤醒,唤醒后,该进程会先锁定先pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);,再读取资源
// 编译
kennie@cbib:~/pthreadDIR$ g++ -lpthread -o mutex_con.out mutex_con.cpp
// 运行结果
hello, condition variable test
thread 1 get running
thread 1 pthread_mutex_lock returns 0
thread 2 get running
thread 2 pthread_mutex_lock returns 0
thread 2 condition applied
thread 2 get running
thread 2 pthread_mutex_lock returns 0
thread 2 condition applied
thread 2 get running
thread 2 pthread_mutex_lock returns 0
thread 2 condition applied
thread 2 get running
thread 2 pthread_mutex_lock returns 0
thread 2 condition applied
thread 2 get running
thread 2 pthread_mutex_lock returns 0
thread 2 condition applied
thread 2 get running
thread 2 pthread_mutex_lock returns 0
thread 2 condition applied
......