Character String and Character String Array in C Programming

1.

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
  char b[] = {'R','O','H','E','\0','O','O','\0'};
  char a[3] = {'H','E','\0'}; //Remember to add '\0' as the end of a string
  printf("The string a is %s\n",a);
  puts(a); //The function of "puts" could only output a string at one time.
  printf("\nThe string b is %s\n",b);
  puts(b);
  printf("\nThe address of a is %p\n",a);
  printf("The address of b is %p\n",b);
  return 0;
}

Output: 

The string a is HE
HE


The string b is ROHE
ROHE


The address of a is 0x7fffd5b54410
The address of b is 0x7fffd5b54420

2.

// 字符和字符串常用处理函数

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
  //字符输出函数
  putchar(65); //It will output "A" here, rather than "65" 
  printf("\n");
  char d = 65;
  putchar(d);  //It will also output "A" here
  printf("\nd is %c\n",d); //单个字符的输出格式时%c
  putchar('l'); //putchar括号里面的字符时单引号，一次只能输出一个字符；printf括号里面时双引号，一次能输出多个字符
  printf("\n");
  
  //字符输入函数
  char c;
  printf("Please input a character:\n");
  c = getchar(); //getchar一次只能读入一个字符，所以如果输入65则，只会显示6.
  putchar(c); 
  printf("\n");   
  
  int size = strlen("jin");
  char s1[] = "jin";
  int size1 = strlen(s1);
 
  char s2[] = {'j','i','n','\0','l','o','n','g','\0'};
  int size2 = strlen(s2); //Calculate the length of string s2
  printf("The size of s1 is %d and s2 is %d\n",size1,size2);

  char s3[10];
  strcpy(s3,"jinlong");
  puts(s3); //Copy string "jinlong" to to s3

  char s4[20];
  char s5[] = {'j','i','n','\0','l','o','n','g','\0'};
  strcpy(s4,s5); //Copy string s5 to s4
  puts(s4);

  char s6[20] = "Jin";
  strcat(s6, "long"); //Connect string s6 with string "long"
  puts(s6);
 
  char s7[] = "abc";
  char s8[] = "abc";
  char s9[] = "Abc";
  char s10[] = "abd"; 
  printf("%d, %d, %d\n",strcmp(s7,s8),strcmp(s7,s9),strcmp(s9,s10)); //Compare two strings and return the ASCII difference value.

  return 0;
}

A
A
d is A
l
Please input a character:
65
6
The size of s1 is 3 and s2 is 3
jinlong
jin
Jinlong
0, 32, -32

3.

//The initialization of strings and strings array
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
  char a[4] = {'j','i','n','\0'} ;
  puts(a); //puts会从a的首地址开始输出字符，知道\0字符为止；puts一次只能输出一个字符串，输出后自动换行；
  putchar('jinl');//In this case, it will output the last character 'l';
  printf("\n");

  char b[4];
  b[0] = 'j'; // Here is b[0] = 'j' rather than b[0] = j
  b[1] = 'i';
  b[2] = 'n';
  b[3] = '\0';
  printf("Sring b is %s\n",b);

  char c[] = "jin";
  printf("Sring c is %s\n",c);
  
  char d[10] = "jin";
  printf("Sring d is %s\n",d);

  char name1[2][5] = {{'j','i','n','\0'}, {'l','o','n','g','\0'}};
  char name2[2][5] = {"jin","long"};
  char name3[2][5] = {{"jin"},{"long"}};
  putchar(name1[1][2]);
  printf("\n");
  printf("name1 is %s\n",name1);//When "printf" funtion encounters '\0', it will stop printing, so the name1 would be "jin", rather than "jinlong". 

  int i;
  printf("name1 is:");
  for(i = 0; i < 2; i++)
  {
   printf("%s\n",name1[i]);
  }
  printf("\n");
  printf("name2 is:");
  for(i = 0; i < 2; i++)
  {
   printf("%s\n",name2[i]);
  }
  printf("\n");
  printf("name3 is:");
  for(i = 0; i < 2; i++)
  {
   printf("%s\n",name3[i]);
  }
  printf("\n");
  
  return 0;
}

Output:

jin
l
Sring b is jin
Sring c is jin
Sring d is jin
n
name1 is jin
name1 is:jin
long


name2 is:jin
long


name3 is:jin
long