转载自:http://c.biancheng.net/cpp/biancheng/view/2996.html点击打开链接
从上节的例子可以看出,对象的内存模型中只保留了成员变量,除此之外没有任何其他信息,程序运行时不知道 obj 的类型为 Demo,也不知道它还有一个成员函数 display()。那么,究竟是如何通过对象调用成员函数的呢?
C++函数的编译
C++和C语言的编译方式不同。C语言中的函数在编译时名字不变,或者只是简单的加一个下划线_
(不同的编译器有不同的实现),例如,func() 编译后为 func() 或 _func()。
而C++中的函数在编译时会根据命名空间、类、参数签名等信息进行重新命名,形成新的函数名。这个重命名的过程是通过一个特殊的算法来实现的,称为名字编码(Name Mangling)。
Name Mangling 是一种可逆的算法,既可以通过现有函数名计算出新函数名,也可以通过新函数名逆向推演出原有函数名。
Name Mangling 可以确保新函数名的唯一性,只要命名空间、所属的类、参数签名等有一个不同,那么产生的新函数名也不同。
如果你希望看到经算法产生的新函数名,可以只声明而不定义函数,这样调用函数时就会产生链接错误,从报错信息中就可以看到。请看下面的代码:
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border-left-width: 3px; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108); list-style: decimal-leading-zero outside; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: black; background-color: inherit;"><span class="keyword" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 153); font-weight: bold; background-color: inherit;">using</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; background-color: inherit;"> </span><span class="keyword" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 153); font-weight: bold; background-color: inherit;">namespace</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; background-color: inherit;"> std; </span></span></li><li class="alt" style="border-style: none none none solid; border-left-width: 3px; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108); list-style: decimal-leading-zero outside; color: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: black; background-color: inherit;"> </span></li><li style="border-style: none none none solid; border-left-width: 3px; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108); list-style: decimal-leading-zero outside; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: black; background-color: inherit;"><span class="keyword" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 153); font-weight: bold; background-color: inherit;">void</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; background-color: inherit;"> display(); </span></span></li><li class="alt" style="border-style: none none none solid; border-left-width: 3px; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108); list-style: decimal-leading-zero outside; color: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: black; background-color: inherit;"><span class="keyword" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 153); font-weight: bold; background-color: inherit;">void</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; background-color: inherit;"> display(</span><span class="datatypes" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: rgb(46, 139, 87); font-weight: bold; background-color: inherit;">int</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; background-color: inherit;">); </span></span></li><li style="border-style: none none none solid; border-left-width: 3px; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108); list-style: decimal-leading-zero outside; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: black; background-color: inherit;"> </span></li><li class="alt" style="border-style: none none none solid; border-left-width: 3px; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108); list-style: decimal-leading-zero outside; color: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: black; background-color: inherit;"><span class="keyword" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 153); font-weight: bold; background-color: inherit;">namespace</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; background-color: inherit;"> ns{ </span></span></li><li style="border-style: none none none solid; border-left-width: 3px; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108); list-style: decimal-leading-zero outside; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: black; background-color: inherit;"> <span class="keyword" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 153); font-weight: bold; background-color: inherit;">void</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; background-color: inherit;"> display(); </span></span></li><li class="alt" style="border-style: none none none solid; border-left-width: 3px; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108); list-style: decimal-leading-zero outside; color: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: black; background-color: inherit;">} </span></li><li style="border-style: none none none solid; border-left-width: 3px; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108); list-style: decimal-leading-zero outside; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: black; background-color: inherit;"> </span></li><li class="alt" style="border-style: none none none solid; border-left-width: 3px; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108); list-style: decimal-leading-zero outside; color: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: black; background-color: inherit;"><span class="keyword" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 153); font-weight: bold; background-color: inherit;">class</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; background-color: inherit;"> Demo{ </span></span></li><li style="border-style: none none none solid; border-left-width: 3px; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108); list-style: decimal-leading-zero outside; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: black; background-color: inherit;"><span class="keyword" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 153); font-weight: bold; background-color: inherit;">public</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; background-color: inherit;">: </span></span></li><li class="alt" style="border-style: none none none solid; border-left-width: 3px; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108); list-style: decimal-leading-zero outside; color: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: black; background-color: inherit;"> <span class="keyword" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 153); font-weight: bold; background-color: inherit;">void</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; background-color: inherit;"> display(); </span></span></li><li style="border-style: none none none solid; border-left-width: 3px; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108); list-style: decimal-leading-zero outside; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: black; background-color: inherit;">}; </span></li><li class="alt" style="border-style: none none none solid; border-left-width: 3px; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108); list-style: decimal-leading-zero outside; color: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: black; background-color: inherit;"> </span></li><li style="border-style: none none none solid; border-left-width: 3px; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108); list-style: decimal-leading-zero outside; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: black; background-color: inherit;"><span class="datatypes" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: rgb(46, 139, 87); font-weight: bold; background-color: inherit;">int</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; background-color: inherit;"> main(){ </span></span></li><li class="alt" style="border-style: none none none solid; border-left-width: 3px; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108); list-style: decimal-leading-zero outside; color: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: black; background-color: inherit;"> display(); </span></li><li style="border-style: none none none solid; border-left-width: 3px; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108); list-style: decimal-leading-zero outside; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: black; background-color: inherit;"> display(1); </span></li><li class="alt" style="border-style: none none none solid; border-left-width: 3px; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108); list-style: decimal-leading-zero outside; color: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: black; background-color: inherit;"> ns::display(); </span></li><li style="border-style: none none none solid; border-left-width: 3px; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108); list-style: decimal-leading-zero outside; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: black; background-color: inherit;"> Demo obj; </span></li><li class="alt" style="border-style: none none none solid; border-left-width: 3px; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108); list-style: decimal-leading-zero outside; color: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: black; background-color: inherit;"> obj.display(); </span></li><li style="border-style: none none none solid; border-left-width: 3px; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108); list-style: decimal-leading-zero outside; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: black; background-color: inherit;"> </span></li><li class="alt" style="border-style: none none none solid; border-left-width: 3px; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108); list-style: decimal-leading-zero outside; color: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: black; background-color: inherit;"> <span class="keyword" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 153); font-weight: bold; background-color: inherit;">return</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; background-color: inherit;"> 0; </span></span></li><li style="border-style: none none none solid; border-left-width: 3px; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108); list-style: decimal-leading-zero outside; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: black; background-color: inherit;">} </span></li></ol></div>
该例中声明了四个同名函数,包括两个具有重载关系的全局函数,一个位于命名空间 ns 下的函数,以及一个属于类 Demo 的函数。它们都是只声明而未定义的函数。
编译源代码即可看到错误信息:
小括号中就是 Name Mangling 产生的新函数名,它们都以”?“开始,以区别C语言中的”_“。
上图是VS2010产生的错误信息,不同的编译器有不同的 Name Mangling 算法,产生的函数名也不一样。
__thiscall、cdecl 是函数调用方式,有兴趣的读者可以猛击《 函数的几种调用方式》一文深入了解。
除了函数,某些变量也会经 Name Mangling 算法产生新名字,不再赘述。
成员函数的调用
从上图可以看出,成员函数最终被编译成与对象无关的普通函数,如果函数体中没有成员变量,那问题就很简单,不用对函数做任何处理,直接调用即可。
如果成员函数中使用到了成员变量,该怎么办呢?成员变量的作用域不是全局,不经任何处理就无法在函数内部访问。
C++规定,编译成员函数时要额外添加一个参数,把当前对象的指针传递进去,通过指针来访问成员变量。
假设 Demo 类有两个 int 型的成员变量,分别是 a 和 b,并且在成员函数 display() 中使用到了,如下所示:
<div class="dp-highlighter bg_cpp" style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New', Courier, mono, serif; font-size: 12px; width: 936.531px; overflow: auto; padding-top: 1px; margin: 18px 0px !important; background-color: rgb(231, 229, 220);"><div class="bar" style="padding-left: 45px;"><div class="tools" style="padding: 3px 8px 10px 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 9px; line-height: normal; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; color: silver; border-left-width: 3px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108); background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248);"><strong>[cpp]</strong> <a target=_blank href="http://blog.csdn.net/chengonghao/article/details/51034164#" class="ViewSource" title="view plain" style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160); text-decoration: none; border: none; padding: 1px; margin: 0px 10px 0px 0px; font-size: 9px; display: inline-block; width: 16px; height: 16px; text-indent: -2000px; background-image: url(http://static.blog.csdn.net/scripts/SyntaxHighlighter/styles/images/default/ico_plain.gif); 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background-color: inherit;"> Demo::display(){ </span></span></li><li style="border-style: none none none solid; border-left-width: 3px; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108); list-style: decimal-leading-zero outside; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: black; background-color: inherit;"> cout<<a<<endl; </span></li><li class="alt" style="border-style: none none none solid; border-left-width: 3px; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108); list-style: decimal-leading-zero outside; color: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: black; background-color: inherit;"> cout<<b<<endl; </span></li><li style="border-style: none none none solid; border-left-width: 3px; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108); list-style: decimal-leading-zero outside; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: black; background-color: inherit;">} </span></li></ol></div>
那么编译后的形式类似于:
<div class="dp-highlighter bg_cpp" style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New', Courier, mono, serif; font-size: 12px; width: 936.531px; overflow: auto; padding-top: 1px; margin: 18px 0px !important; background-color: rgb(231, 229, 220);"><div class="bar" style="padding-left: 45px;"><div class="tools" style="padding: 3px 8px 10px 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 9px; line-height: normal; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; color: silver; border-left-width: 3px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108); background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248);"><strong>[cpp]</strong> <a target=_blank href="http://blog.csdn.net/chengonghao/article/details/51034164#" class="ViewSource" title="view plain" style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160); text-decoration: none; border: none; padding: 1px; margin: 0px 10px 0px 0px; font-size: 9px; display: inline-block; width: 16px; height: 16px; text-indent: -2000px; background-image: url(http://static.blog.csdn.net/scripts/SyntaxHighlighter/styles/images/default/ico_plain.gif); background-attachment: initial; background-color: inherit; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">view plain</a><span data-mod="popu_168"> <a target=_blank href="http://blog.csdn.net/chengonghao/article/details/51034164#" class="CopyToClipboard" title="copy" style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160); text-decoration: none; border: none; padding: 1px; margin: 0px 10px 0px 0px; font-size: 9px; display: inline-block; width: 16px; height: 16px; text-indent: -2000px; background-image: url(http://static.blog.csdn.net/scripts/SyntaxHighlighter/styles/images/default/ico_copy.gif); background-attachment: initial; background-color: inherit; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">copy</a></span><div style="position: absolute; left: 417px; top: 2491px; width: 18px; height: 18px; z-index: 99;"></div><span data-mod="popu_169"> </span><span class="tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_167"><a target=_blank href="https://code.csdn.net/snippets/1631256" target="_blank" title="在CODE上查看代码片" style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160); text-decoration: none; border: none; padding: 1px; margin: 0px 10px 0px 0px; font-size: 9px; display: inline-block; width: 16px; height: 16px; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: inherit; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><img src="https://code.csdn.net/assets/CODE_ico.png" width="12" height="12" alt="在CODE上查看代码片" style="border: none; max-width: 100%; position: relative; top: 1px; left: 2px;" /></a></span><span class="tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_170"><a target=_blank href="https://code.csdn.net/snippets/1631256/fork" target="_blank" title="派生到我的代码片" style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160); text-decoration: none; border: none; padding: 1px; margin: 0px 10px 0px 0px; font-size: 9px; display: inline-block; width: 16px; height: 16px; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: inherit; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><img src="https://code.csdn.net/assets/ico_fork.svg" width="12" height="12" alt="派生到我的代码片" style="border: none; max-width: 100%; position: relative; top: 2px; left: 2px;" /></a></span></div></div><ol start="1" class="dp-cpp" style="padding: 0px; border: none; color: rgb(92, 92, 92); margin: 0px 0px 1px 45px !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li class="alt" style="border-style: none none none solid; border-left-width: 3px; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108); list-style: decimal-leading-zero outside; color: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: black; background-color: inherit;"><span class="keyword" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 153); font-weight: bold; background-color: inherit;">void</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; background-color: inherit;"> new_function_name(</span><span class="keyword" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: rgb(0, 102, 153); font-weight: bold; background-color: inherit;">const</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; background-color: inherit;"> Demo *p){ </span></span></li><li style="border-style: none none none solid; border-left-width: 3px; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108); list-style: decimal-leading-zero outside; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: black; background-color: inherit;"> <span class="comment" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: rgb(0, 130, 0); background-color: inherit;">//通过指针p来访问a、b</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; background-color: inherit;"> </span></span></li><li class="alt" style="border-style: none none none solid; border-left-width: 3px; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108); list-style: decimal-leading-zero outside; color: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: black; background-color: inherit;"> cout<<p->a<<endl; </span></li><li style="border-style: none none none solid; border-left-width: 3px; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108); list-style: decimal-leading-zero outside; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: black; background-color: inherit;"> cout<<p->b<<endl; </span></li><li class="alt" style="border-style: none none none solid; border-left-width: 3px; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108); list-style: decimal-leading-zero outside; color: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: black; background-color: inherit;">} </span></li></ol></div>
调用时的形式类似于:
<div class="dp-highlighter bg_cpp" style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New', Courier, mono, serif; font-size: 12px; width: 936.531px; overflow: auto; padding-top: 1px; margin: 18px 0px !important; background-color: rgb(231, 229, 220);"><div class="bar" style="padding-left: 45px;"><div class="tools" style="padding: 3px 8px 10px 10px; font-stretch: normal; font-size: 9px; line-height: normal; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; color: silver; border-left-width: 3px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108); background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248);"><strong>[cpp]</strong> <a target=_blank href="http://blog.csdn.net/chengonghao/article/details/51034164#" class="ViewSource" title="view plain" style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160); text-decoration: none; border: none; padding: 1px; margin: 0px 10px 0px 0px; font-size: 9px; display: inline-block; width: 16px; height: 16px; text-indent: -2000px; background-image: url(http://static.blog.csdn.net/scripts/SyntaxHighlighter/styles/images/default/ico_plain.gif); background-attachment: initial; background-color: inherit; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">view plain</a><span data-mod="popu_168"> <a target=_blank href="http://blog.csdn.net/chengonghao/article/details/51034164#" class="CopyToClipboard" title="copy" style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160); text-decoration: none; border: none; padding: 1px; margin: 0px 10px 0px 0px; font-size: 9px; display: inline-block; width: 16px; height: 16px; text-indent: -2000px; background-image: url(http://static.blog.csdn.net/scripts/SyntaxHighlighter/styles/images/default/ico_copy.gif); background-attachment: initial; background-color: inherit; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">copy</a></span><div style="position: absolute; left: 417px; top: 2742px; width: 18px; height: 18px; z-index: 99;"></div><span data-mod="popu_169"> </span><span class="tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_167"><a target=_blank href="https://code.csdn.net/snippets/1631256" target="_blank" title="在CODE上查看代码片" style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160); text-decoration: none; border: none; padding: 1px; margin: 0px 10px 0px 0px; font-size: 9px; display: inline-block; width: 16px; height: 16px; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: inherit; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><img src="https://code.csdn.net/assets/CODE_ico.png" width="12" height="12" alt="在CODE上查看代码片" style="border: none; max-width: 100%; position: relative; top: 1px; left: 2px;" /></a></span><span class="tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_170"><a target=_blank href="https://code.csdn.net/snippets/1631256/fork" target="_blank" title="派生到我的代码片" style="color: rgb(160, 160, 160); text-decoration: none; border: none; padding: 1px; margin: 0px 10px 0px 0px; font-size: 9px; display: inline-block; width: 16px; height: 16px; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: inherit; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><img src="https://code.csdn.net/assets/ico_fork.svg" width="12" height="12" alt="派生到我的代码片" style="border: none; max-width: 100%; position: relative; top: 2px; left: 2px;" /></a></span></div></div><ol start="1" class="dp-cpp" style="padding: 0px; border: none; color: rgb(92, 92, 92); margin: 0px 0px 1px 45px !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li class="alt" style="border-style: none none none solid; border-left-width: 3px; border-left-color: rgb(108, 226, 108); list-style: decimal-leading-zero outside; color: inherit; line-height: 18px; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px 3px 0px 10px !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; color: black; background-color: inherit;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; background-color: inherit;">new_function_name(&obj); </span></span></li></ol></div>
这样就完成了对象和成员函数的关联,只不过与我们从表明上看到的相反,不是通过对象找函数,而是通过函数找对象。
这一切都是隐式完成的,对程序员来说完全透明,就好像这个额外的参数不存在一样。