CMake教程（二）：构建和链接库

首先，我们需要构建一个message库，其包含一个Message类，该类封装了一个字符串。Message类由两个文件组成：Message.cpp文件和它的头文件Message.hpp。Message.hpp文件如下:

#pragma once

#include <iosfwd>
#include <string>

class Message {
public:
  Message(const std::string &m) : message_(m) {}

  friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, Message &obj) {
    return obj.printObject(os);
  }

private:
  std::string message_;
  std::ostream &printObject(std::ostream &os);
};

Message.cpp文件如下:

#include "Message.hpp"

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

std::ostream &Message::printObject(std::ostream &os) {
  os << "This is my very nice message: " << std::endl;
  os << message_;

  return os;
}

在hello-world.cpp文件中用Message类和相关接口：

#include "Message.hpp"

#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>

int main() {
  Message say_hello("Hello, CMake World!");

  std::cout << say_hello << std::endl;

  Message say_goodbye("Goodbye, CMake World");

  std::cout << say_goodbye << std::endl;

  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

该工程编译中先生成Message库，再编译hello-world程序。如下的CMakeLists.txt文件可以实现上述功能：

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5 FATAL_ERROR)
project(recipe-03 LANGUAGES CXX)

set(IS_STATIC_LIB ON CACHE STRING "static lib")
# option(USE_LIBRARY "Compile sources into a library" OFF)

if (IS_STATIC_LIB)
	message(STATUS "Static lib")
	add_library(message
		STATIC
			Message.hpp
			Message.cpp
		)
else()
	add_library(message
		SHARED
                        Message.hpp
                        Message.cpp
                )
endif()

add_executable(hello-world hello-world.cpp)

target_link_libraries(hello-world message)

set/option中设置了参数IS_STATIC_LIB来控制生成静态库或者动态库。add_library中设置需要编译的库名称，以及相关的依赖文件。

整个工程的目录结构如下：

.
├── CMakeLists.txt
├── hello-world.cpp
├── Message.cpp
└── Message.hpp

0 directories, 4 files

运行如下命令

mkdir build
cd build
cmake .. -D IS_STATIC_LIB=OFF
cmake --build .

后，在build目录下生成了动态库libmessage.so和可执行文件hello-world。