【技术】base64编码和解码

最近工作中遇到base64编解码，所以深入了解了下。

c语言和java的处理逻辑是不一样的，Linux下c语言实现主要有两种：

1.通用的base64编码和解码，即不依赖其他库的实现，不过这种方法，工作中目前测试不太适用。

2.依赖openssl库实现编码和解码

代码如下：

#include <openssl/bio.h>
#include <openssl/evp.h>
#include <openssl/buffer.h> // Add this header for BUF_MEM definition
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h> // Include stdlib.h for malloc/free

int base64_encode(const unsigned char *input, int length, char **encoded_data) {
    BIO *bio, *b64;
    BUF_MEM *buffer_ptr;

    b64 = BIO_new(BIO_f_base64());
    bio = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem());
    bio = BIO_push(b64, bio);
    BIO_set_flags(bio, BIO_FLAGS_BASE64_NO_NL);
    BIO_write(bio, input, length);
    BIO_flush(bio);
    BIO_get_mem_ptr(bio, &buffer_ptr);

    *encoded_data = (char *)malloc(buffer_ptr->length + 1);
    memcpy(*encoded_data, buffer_ptr->data, buffer_ptr->length);
    (*encoded_data)[buffer_ptr->length] = '\0';

    BIO_free_all(bio);
    return 0;
}

int base64_decode(const char *input, unsigned char **decoded_data, int *decoded_length) {
    BIO *bio, *b64;
    int decode_len = 0;

    b64 = BIO_new(BIO_f_base64());
    bio = BIO_new_mem_buf((void*)input, -1); // Cast input to void* to match function signature
    bio = BIO_push(b64, bio);
    BIO_set_flags(bio, BIO_FLAGS_BASE64_NO_NL);

    *decoded_data = (unsigned char *)malloc(strlen(input));
    decode_len = BIO_read(bio, *decoded_data, strlen(input));

    BIO_free_all(bio);
    *decoded_length = decode_len;
    return (decode_len > 0);
}

int main() {
    const char *original_data = "Hello, OpenSSL!";
    char *encoded_data;
    unsigned char *decoded_data;
    int decoded_length;

    // Base64 Encode
    base64_encode((const unsigned char *)original_data, strlen(original_data), &encoded_data);
    printf("Base64 Encoded: %s\n", encoded_data);

    // Base64 Decode
    base64_decode(encoded_data, &decoded_data, &decoded_length);
    decoded_data[decoded_length] = '\0';
    printf("Base64 Decoded: %s\n", decoded_data);

    // Free allocated memory
    free(encoded_data);
    free(decoded_data);

    return 0;
}

openssl一般系统自带，直接用，编译命令如下：

g++ -o test test.cpp -lssl -lcrypto

执行结果如下：

./test
Base64 Encoded: SGVsbG8sIE9wZW5TU0wh
Base64 Decoded: Hello, OpenSSL!

如果直接用命令行执行

1. 命令行工具使用示例：

   • 编码：

     echo -n "Hello, World!" | openssl enc -base64

     输出：SGVsbG8sIFdvcmxkIQ==

   • 解码：

     cho -n "SGVsbG8sIFdvcmxkIQ==" | openssl enc -d -base64

     输出：Hello, World!