oracle备份常用命令

1.list backup;列出数据库中所有的备份信息。

2.list backup of controlfile;列出所有备份的控制文件。

3.list backup of datafile ' 或者 list backup of datafile 对应数据文件的ID号。数据文件全路径.dbf';列出指定的备份的数据文件。

4.list backup of archivelog all;列出所有备份的归档文件。

5.list copy of tablespace '表空间名';列出指定表空间的备份信息。

6.list expired backup;列出无效备份。

7.delete obsolete;删除过期备份。

8.delete expired backup;删除无效备份。

9.delete expired copy;删除expired副本。

10.delete backupset 备份集编号;删除指定备份集。

11.delete backup;删除所有备份集。

12.delete copy;删除所有映像副本。

13.report need backup;查看所需要的备份文件

14.report need backup tablespace 表空间名;查看指定表空间是否需要备份。

15.crosscheck archivelog all;检查归档文件是否 有效

16.crosscheck backup;检查所有备份集。

 

RMAN相关的

 

list backup of database(查看 数据库的全库 备份，全部细节都包括)

list backup of tablespace users (查看users表空间的备份)

list backup of datafile 5;(5是表空间对应的文件id)

list backup of controlfile（看出控制文信息的备份）

list backup of datafile '+DATADG/cboms/datafile/users.264.735423243';(根据具体的数据文件的具体位置，查看备份)

list expired backup；(无效的备份)

list expired archivelog all;(查看无效的archive log 日志)

 

list backup of database summary(这个是对概况性的，对数据库有个直观，全面的了解)

list backup of database summary 
list backup of archivelog all summary 
list backup of tablespace users summary 
list backup of datafile 5 summary

 

crosscheck archivelog all;验证DB的归档日志时候缺失

crosscheck backup;验证数据库备份集的是否缺失

delete expired archivelog all;命令删除所有过期的归档日志

 

 

RMAN> crosscheck backup;

using channel ORA_DISK_1

crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'

backup piece handle=/u01/flash_recovery_area/DBTEST/backupset/2012_04_21/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20120421T153359_7s4rq7v6_.bkp recid=22 stamp=781198439

crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'AVAILABLE'

backup piece handle=/u01/flash_recovery_area/DBTEST/backupset/2012_04_21/o1_mf_ncnnf_TAG20120421T153359_7s4rsm9k_.bkp recid=23 stamp=781198515

Crosschecked 2 objects

 

RMAN> 

17.修改备份状态用CHANGE,如修改表空间

 

RMAN> backup tablespace users format '/backup/rmanbackup/userscp';

Starting backup at 21-APR-12

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

input datafile fno=00004 name=/u01/oradata/dbtest/users01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 21-APR-12

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 21-APR-12

piece handle=/backup/rmanbackup/userscp tag=TAG20120421T155115 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished backup at 21-APR-12

RMAN> list backup of tablespace users;

 

List of Backup Sets

===================

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

24      Full    2.02M      DISK        00:00:00     21-APR-12      

        BP Key: 28   Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20120421T155115

        Piece Name: /backup/rmanbackup/userscp

  List of Datafiles in backup set 24

  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Name

  ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----

  4       Full 1388204    21-APR-12 /u01/oradata/dbtest/users01.dbf

 

 

 

RMAN> change backup of tablespace users unavailable;

 

changed backup piece unavailable

backup piece handle=/backup/rmanbackup/userscp recid=28 stamp=781199475

Changed 1 objects to UNAVAILABLE status

 

RMAN> list backup of tablespace users;

List of Backup Sets

===================

 

BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

24      Full    2.02M      DISK        00:00:00     21-APR-12      

        BP Key: 28   Status: UNAVAILABLE Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20120421T155115

        Piece Name: /backup/rmanbackup/userscp

  List of Datafiles in backup set 24

  File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time  Name

  ---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----

  4       Full 1388204    21-APR-12 /u01/oradata/dbtest/users01.dbf

 

RMAN> 

如果没有指定表空间位置，来改变状态，不会成功。如：

 

RMAN> change backupset 22 unavailable;

 

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-03009: failure of unavailable command on ORA_DISK_1 channel at 04/21/2012 15:46:29

ORA-19813: cannot have unavailable file /u01/flash_recovery_area/DBTEST/backupset/2012_04_21/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20120421T154318_7s4s8px3_.bkp in DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST