k8s集群搭建 + KubeSphere (2021)PS:无坑操作,复制粘贴

k8s集群搭建 + KubeSphere (2021)PS:无坑操作,复制粘贴

k8s集群搭建相关操作(2021)

-------工具 Vagrant + VBox + Xshell

宿主机:Win10 虚拟机: Centos7

• 使用vagrantFile创建虚拟机

1.创建一个文件夹k8s,在当前目录打开命令行窗口,运行
　　vagrant init
2.打开当前目录生成的Vagrantfile文件,修改内容如下

Vagrant.configure(“2”) do |config|
(1…3).each do |i|
config.vm.define “k8s-node#{i}” do |node|
# 设置虚拟机的Box
node.vm.box = “centos/7”

        # 设置虚拟机的主机名
        node.vm.hostname="k8s-node#{i}"

        # 设置虚拟机的IP
        node.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.56.#{99+i}", netmask: "255.255.255.0"

        # 设置主机与虚拟机的共享目录
        # node.vm.synced_folder "~/Documents/vagrant/share", "/home/vagrant/share"

        # VirtaulBox相关配置
        node.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |v|
            # 设置虚拟机的名称
            v.name = "k8s-node#{i}"
            # 设置虚拟机的内存大小
            v.memory = 4096
            # 设置虚拟机的CPU个数
            v.cpus = 4
        end
    end

end
end
3.再次运行
　　vagrant up
等待虚拟机创建完成,如下图

• 设置虚拟机网络使用nat网卡

1.将虚拟机全部关闭,打开全局设定

2.创建一个网卡

3.依次将每个虚拟机应用设置,如图

*使用Xshell连接三台虚拟机,三体虚拟机都要执行以下操作,如遇Xshell公钥链接不上问题,请看博主Linux踩坑下的解决方案@_@

连接成功之后,右键空白处,可以同时操作三台虚拟机,不过三台虚拟机可能不同步,每次操作都要确认三台虚拟机都能执行成功

一 * 关闭防火墙

systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
二 * 关闭Linux

sed -i ‘s/enforcing/disabled/’ /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0

三 * 关闭swap分区
swapoff -a
sed -ri ‘s/.swap./#&/’ /etc/fstab
echo “vm.swappiness = 0”>> /etc/sysctl.conf
swapoff -a && swapon -a
sysctl -p

• 验证，swap必须为0

free -g

四 * 添加主机名与IP对应关系：
1.使用 ip addr 查看每台虚拟机的IP地址,如图

2.键入以下命令,修改hosts文件

vi /etc/hosts

3.将上图中每台虚拟机的地址添加到文件中

10.0.2.10 k8s-node1
10.0.2.15 k8s-node2
10.0.2.11 k8s-node3

PS: 地址为你自己的虚拟机对应的IP地址

五 * 将桥接的IPV4流量传递到iptables的链：

1.键入命令

cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf <<EOF

net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF

2.应用以上规则
　　sysctl --system

六 * 安装dokcer

1.更新工具
　　yum install -y yum-utils
　　yum install -y wget

2.下载新的CentOS-Base.repo由于文件相同可能会替换或者覆盖，所以最好把源文件做一下备份：

mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup

3.备份好了之后，执行以下命令：

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

4.再执行生成缓存命令：

yum makecache

5.docker下载镜像加速

yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

6.下载docker,版本必须小于19.03

yum -y install docker-ce-19.03.0 docker-ce-cli-19.03.0 containerd.io
7.设置docker开机启动并启动docker

systemctl enable docker
service docker start

七 * 安装三件套
1.键入以下命令
cat < /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
2.安装
　　yum install -y kubelet-1.17.3 kubeadm-1.17.3 kubectl-1.17.3
　　如果报错需要ssh认证,那么使用下面这条命令
　　　　yum install -y --nogpgcheck kubelet kubeadm kubectl

3.设置开机启动
　　systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet

• 初始化master节点,只在你选作为master节点的虚拟机上执行

1.在Master节点上，创建并执行master_images.sh
　　　vi master_images.sh
内容如下
#!/bin/bash

images=(
kube-apiserver:v1.17.3
kube-proxy:v1.17.3
kube-controller-manager:v1.17.3
kube-scheduler:v1.17.3
coredns:1.6.5
etcd:3.4.3-0
pause:3.1
)

for imageName in $images[@];dodockerpullregistry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/googl{e}_{c}ontainers/$imageName

docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/$imageNamek8s.gcr.io/$imageName

done

2.将 master_images.sh 设置为可执行
chmod -R 777 master_images.sh
3.执行文件下载镜像
sh master_images.sh

4.初始化kubeadm
执行以下命令:
kubeadm init
–apiserver-advertise-address=10.0.2.15
–image-repository registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
–kubernetes-version v1.17.3
–service-cidr=10.96.0.0/16
–pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16
PS: apiserver-advertise-address 为你当前master节点的IP

6.执行成功会显示以下内容

Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id-u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run “kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml” with one of the options listed at:
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join 10.0.2.15:6443 --token sg47f3.4asffoi6ijb8ljhq
–discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:81fccdd29970cbc1b7dc7f171ac0234d53825bdf9b05428fc9e6767436991bfb

7.然后依次执行红色部分命令

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id-u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

绿色部分为子节点加入命令保存起来,后面会用

• 安装POD网络插件

1.创建kube-flannel.yml文件

vi kube-flannel.yml

内容如下:

apiVersion: policy/v1beta1
kind: PodSecurityPolicy
metadata:
name: psp.flannel.unprivileged
annotations:
seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: docker/default
seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: docker/default
apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: runtime/default
apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: runtime/default
spec:
privileged: false
volumes:

• configMap
• secret
• emptyDir
• hostPath
  allowedHostPaths:
• pathPrefix: “/etc/cni/net.d”
• pathPrefix: “/etc/kube-flannel”
• pathPrefix: “/run/flannel”
  readOnlyRootFilesystem: false

Users and groups

runAsUser:
rule: RunAsAny
supplementalGroups:
rule: RunAsAny
fsGroup:
rule: RunAsAny

Privilege Escalation

allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
defaultAllowPrivilegeEscalation: false

Capabilities

allowedCapabilities: [‘NET_ADMIN’]
defaultAddCapabilities: []
requiredDropCapabilities: []

Host namespaces

hostPID: false
hostIPC: false
hostNetwork: true
hostPorts:

• min: 0
  max: 65535

SELinux

seLinux:

SELinux is unused in CaaSP

rule: ‘RunAsAny’

kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
name: flannel
rules:

• apiGroups: [‘extensions’]
  resources: [‘podsecuritypolicies’]
  verbs: [‘use’]
  resourceNames: [‘psp.flannel.unprivileged’]
• apiGroups:
• “”
  resources:
• pods
  verbs:
• get
• apiGroups:
• “”
  resources:
• nodes
  verbs:
• list
• watch
• apiGroups:
• “”
  resources:
• nodes/status
  verbs:
• patch

---

kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
name: flannel
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: flannel
subjects:

• kind: ServiceAccount
  name: flannel
  namespace: kube-system

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: flannel
namespace: kube-system

kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
data:
cni-conf.json: |
{
“name”: “cbr0”,
“cniVersion”: “0.3.1”,
“plugins”: [
{
“type”: “flannel”,
“delegate”: {
“hairpinMode”: true,
“isDefaultGateway”: true
}
},
{
“type”: “portmap”,
“capabilities”: {
“portMappings”: true
}
}
]
}
net-conf.json: |
{
“Network”: “10.244.0.0/16”,
“Backend”: {
“Type”: “vxlan”
}
}

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-amd64
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:

• matchExpressions:
• key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
  operator: In
  values:
• linux
• key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
  operator: In
  values:
• amd64
  hostNetwork: true
  tolerations:
• operator: Exists
  effect: NoSchedule
  serviceAccountName: flannel
  initContainers:
• name: install-cni
  image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64
  command:
• cp
  args:
• -f
• /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
• /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
  volumeMounts:
• name: cni
  mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
• name: flannel-cfg
  mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
  containers:
• name: kube-flannel
  image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64
  command:
• /opt/bin/flanneld
  args:
• –ip-masq
• –kube-subnet-mgr
  resources:
  requests:
  cpu: “100m”
  memory: “50Mi”
  limits:
  cpu: “100m”
  memory: “50Mi”
  securityContext:
  privileged: false
  capabilities:
  add: [“NET_ADMIN”]
  env:
• name: POD_NAME
  valueFrom:
  fieldRef:
  fieldPath: metadata.name
• name: POD_NAMESPACE
  valueFrom:
  fieldRef:
  fieldPath: metadata.namespace
  volumeMounts:
• name: run
  mountPath: /run/flannel
• name: flannel-cfg
  mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
  volumes:
• name: run
  hostPath:
  path: /run/flannel
• name: cni
  hostPath:
  path: /etc/cni/net.d
• name: flannel-cfg
  configMap:
  name: kube-flannel-cfg

---

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-arm64
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:

• matchExpressions:
• key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
  operator: In
  values:
• linux
• key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
  operator: In
  values:
• arm64
  hostNetwork: true
  tolerations:
• operator: Exists
  effect: NoSchedule
  serviceAccountName: flannel
  initContainers:
• name: install-cni
  image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm64
  command:
• cp
  args:
• -f
• /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
• /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
  volumeMounts:
• name: cni
  mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
• name: flannel-cfg
  mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
  containers:
• name: kube-flannel
  image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm64
  command:
• /opt/bin/flanneld
  args:
• –ip-masq
• –kube-subnet-mgr
  resources:
  requests:
  cpu: “100m”
  memory: “50Mi”
  limits:
  cpu: “100m”
  memory: “50Mi”
  securityContext:
  privileged: false
  capabilities:
  add: [“NET_ADMIN”]
  env:
• name: POD_NAME
  valueFrom:
  fieldRef:
  fieldPath: metadata.name
• name: POD_NAMESPACE
  valueFrom:
  fieldRef:
  fieldPath: metadata.namespace
  volumeMounts:
• name: run
  mountPath: /run/flannel
• name: flannel-cfg
  mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
  volumes:
• name: run
  hostPath:
  path: /run/flannel
• name: cni
  hostPath:
  path: /etc/cni/net.d
• name: flannel-cfg
  configMap:
  name: kube-flannel-cfg

---

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-arm
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:

• matchExpressions:
• key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
  operator: In
  values:
• linux
• key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
  operator: In
  values:
• arm
  hostNetwork: true
  tolerations:
• operator: Exists
  effect: NoSchedule
  serviceAccountName: flannel
  initContainers:
• name: install-cni
  image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm
  command:
• cp
  args:
• -f
• /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
• /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
  volumeMounts:
• name: cni
  mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
• name: flannel-cfg
  mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
  containers:
• name: kube-flannel
  image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm
  command:
• /opt/bin/flanneld
  args:
• –ip-masq
• –kube-subnet-mgr
  resources:
  requests:
  cpu: “100m”
  memory: “50Mi”
  limits:
  cpu: “100m”
  memory: “50Mi”
  securityContext:
  privileged: false
  capabilities:
  add: [“NET_ADMIN”]
  env:
• name: POD_NAME
  valueFrom:
  fieldRef:
  fieldPath: metadata.name
• name: POD_NAMESPACE
  valueFrom:
  fieldRef:
  fieldPath: metadata.namespace
  volumeMounts:
• name: run
  mountPath: /run/flannel
• name: flannel-cfg
  mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
  volumes:
• name: run
  hostPath:
  path: /run/flannel
• name: cni
  hostPath:
  path: /etc/cni/net.d
• name: flannel-cfg
  configMap:
  name: kube-flannel-cfg

---

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-ppc64le
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:

• matchExpressions:
• key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
  operator: In
  values:
• linux
• key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
  operator: In
  values:
• ppc64le
  hostNetwork: true
  tolerations:
• operator: Exists
  effect: NoSchedule
  serviceAccountName: flannel
  initContainers:
• name: install-cni
  image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-ppc64le
  command:
• cp
  args:
• -f
• /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
• /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
  volumeMounts:
• name: cni
  mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
• name: flannel-cfg
  mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
  containers:
• name: kube-flannel
  image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-ppc64le
  command:
• /opt/bin/flanneld
  args:
• –ip-masq
• –kube-subnet-mgr
  resources:
  requests:
  cpu: “100m”
  memory: “50Mi”
  limits:
  cpu: “100m”
  memory: “50Mi”
  securityContext:
  privileged: false
  capabilities:
  add: [“NET_ADMIN”]
  env:
• name: POD_NAME
  valueFrom:
  fieldRef:
  fieldPath: metadata.name
• name: POD_NAMESPACE
  valueFrom:
  fieldRef:
  fieldPath: metadata.namespace
  volumeMounts:
• name: run
  mountPath: /run/flannel
• name: flannel-cfg
  mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
  volumes:
• name: run
  hostPath:
  path: /run/flannel
• name: cni
  hostPath:
  path: /etc/cni/net.d
• name: flannel-cfg
  configMap:
  name: kube-flannel-cfg

---

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-s390x
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:

• matchExpressions:
• key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
  operator: In
  values:
• linux
• key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
  operator: In
  values:
• s390x
  hostNetwork: true
  tolerations:
• operator: Exists
  effect: NoSchedule
  serviceAccountName: flannel
  initContainers:
• name: install-cni
  image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-s390x
  command:
• cp
  args:
• -f
• /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
• /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
  volumeMounts:
• name: cni
  mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
• name: flannel-cfg
  mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
  containers:
• name: kube-flannel
  image: quay.io/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-s390x
  command:
• /opt/bin/flanneld
  args:
• –ip-masq
• –kube-subnet-mgr
  resources:
  requests:
  cpu: “100m”
  memory: “50Mi”
  limits:
  cpu: “100m”
  memory: “50Mi”
  securityContext:
  privileged: false
  capabilities:
  add: [“NET_ADMIN”]
  env:
• name: POD_NAME
  valueFrom:
  fieldRef:
  fieldPath: metadata.name
• name: POD_NAMESPACE
  valueFrom:
  fieldRef:
  fieldPath: metadata.namespace
  volumeMounts:
• name: run
  mountPath: /run/flannel
• name: flannel-cfg
  mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
  volumes:
• name: run
  hostPath:
  path: /run/flannel
• name: cni
  hostPath:
  path: /etc/cni/net.d
• name: flannel-cfg
  configMap:
  name: kube-flannel-cfg

2.执行安装命令

kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml

3.查看pod状态

kubectl get pod -n kube-system

输出如下:

巨坑!!! :如果红色框中的状态不是running,

可以去 https://github.com/coreos/flannel/releases 官方仓库下载这个镜像

然后运行下面命令

docker load < flanneld-v0.11.0-amd64.docker

等待一两分钟,问题解决,此操作需要在所有节点上执行,所有节点flanneld都必须运行

4.查看主节点运行状态

kubectl get nodes

输出如下:

状态为ready,表示成功,此时主节点配置完成

*最后步骤

1.子节点只需运行上文中绿色部分子节点加入命令即可,当然是你自己的.

kubeadm join ********* --token sg47f3.4asffoi6ijb8ljhq
　　 --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:81fccdd29970cbc1b7dc7f171ac0234d53825bdf9b05428fc9e6767436991bfb
2.在master查看节点状态

kubectl get nodes

输出如下:

3.此时其他节点为notReady,我们可以打开监控页面,监控其他节点进度,执行:

watch kubectl get pod -n kube-system -o wide
输出如下

然后等待所有节点部署完成,都是runnig状态

4.进入master节点再次查看所有节点状态:

kubectl get nodes

输出如下:

** 整合图形化界面 KubeSphere **

*安装包管理工具helm

使用命令下载helm压缩包

wget https://get.helm.sh/helm-v2.16.2-linux-amd64.tar.gz

然后解压

tar -zxvf helm-v2.16.2-linux-amd64.tar.gz

设置文件执行路径,将解压后的helm移动到 /usr/local/bin/目录

mv linux-amd64/helm /usr/local/bin/helm

3.创建权限

创建helm-rbac.yaml，写入如下内容
　　vi helm-rbac.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: tiller
namespace: kube-system

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
name: tiller
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: cluster-admin
subjects:

• kind: ServiceAccount
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kube-system

*初始化helm

1.helm init --service-account=tiller --tiller-image=sapcc/tiller:v2.16.2 --history-max 300

如果报错

执行以下命令

touch /root/.helm/repository/repositories.yaml

如果下载tiller失败,则需要手动去docker下载
并编辑资源文件,使用本地镜像

kubectl edit deployment tiller-deploy -n kube-system

等待一分钟,tiller启动成功

2.添加常用仓库

helm repo add stable https://kubernetes.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/charts

helm repo add aliyun https://apphub.aliyuncs.com/

helm repo add bitnami https://charts.bitnami.com/bitnami/
helm repo add azure https://mirror.azure.cn/kubernetes/charts/