OpenCV.直方图比较

直方图比较

直方图系图像的本身属性之一，所受外界操纵变化较小，可用来比较图像间的相似度。假设两幅图像的直方图为H1与H2，其距离d则表示其相互匹配的程度，下面是OpenCV提供的计算方法：

compareHist(H1, H2, method);

H1与H2系Mat对象，method系计算方法，枚举类型，其值如下：

• HISTCMP_CORREL
  相关性

• HISTCMP_CHISQR
  卡方

• HISTCMP_INTERSECT
  相交

• HISTCMP_BHATTACHARYYA
  巴氏距离

• HISTCMP_HELLINGER
  同上

• HISTCMP_CHISQR_ALT
  可选卡方

• HISTCMP_KL_DIV
  散度

其中相关性越接近1表示越像；卡方越接近0表示越像；相交法数值越大表示越像；巴氏距离越接近0表示越像。

Java代码（JavaFX Controller层）

public class Controller{

    @FXML private Text fxText;
    @FXML private ImageView imageView;
    @FXML private TextArea textArea;

    @FXML public void handleButtonEvent(ActionEvent actionEvent) throws IOException {

        Node source = (Node) actionEvent.getSource();
        Window theStage = source.getScene().getWindow();
        FileChooser fileChooser = new FileChooser();
        FileChooser.ExtensionFilter extFilter = new FileChooser.ExtensionFilter("PNG files (*.png)", "*.png");
        fileChooser.getExtensionFilters().add(extFilter);
        fileChooser.getExtensionFilters().add(new FileChooser.ExtensionFilter("JPG Files(*.jpg)", "*.jpg"));
        File file = fileChooser.showOpenDialog(theStage);

        runInSubThread(file.getPath());

    }

    private void runInSubThread(String filePath){
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    WritableImage writableImage = histogramCompared(filePath);

                    Platform.runLater(new Runnable() {
                        @Override
                        public void run() {
                            imageView.setImage(writableImage);
                        }
                    });

                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }
    
    private WritableImage histogramCompared(String filePath) throws IOException {
        System.loadLibrary(Core.NATIVE_LIBRARY_NAME);

        // Read source image to src.
        Mat src = Imgcodecs.imread(filePath);
        Mat dst = new Mat();

        Mat gray = new Mat();

        Imgproc.cvtColor(src, gray, Imgproc.COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
        Imgproc.equalizeHist(gray, dst);

        List<Mat> images = new ArrayList<>();
        images.add(gray);
        Mat mask = Mat.ones(src.size(), CvType.CV_8UC1);
        Mat hist_1 = new Mat();
        Imgproc.calcHist(images, new MatOfInt(0), mask, hist_1, new MatOfInt(256), new MatOfFloat(0,255));
        Core.normalize(hist_1, hist_1,0,255, Core.NORM_MINMAX);

        images.clear();
        Mat src_2 = Imgcodecs.imread("E:/Chrome/lenna_test.jpg");
        Mat dst_2 = new Mat();

        Mat gray_2 = new Mat();

        Imgproc.cvtColor(src_2, gray_2, Imgproc.COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
        Imgproc.equalizeHist(gray_2, dst_2);

        images.add(gray_2);
        Mat hist_2 = new Mat();
        Imgproc.calcHist(images, new MatOfInt(0), mask, hist_2, new MatOfInt(256), new MatOfFloat(0,255));
        Core.normalize(hist_2, hist_2,0,255, Core.NORM_MINMAX);

        double[] distanceArray = new double[7];
        distanceArray[0] = Imgproc.compareHist(hist_1, hist_2, Imgproc.HISTCMP_CORREL);
        distanceArray[1] = Imgproc.compareHist(hist_1, hist_2, Imgproc.HISTCMP_CHISQR);
        distanceArray[2] = Imgproc.compareHist(hist_1, hist_2, Imgproc.HISTCMP_INTERSECT);
        distanceArray[3] = Imgproc.compareHist(hist_1, hist_2, Imgproc.HISTCMP_BHATTACHARYYA);
        distanceArray[4] = Imgproc.compareHist(hist_1, hist_2, Imgproc.HISTCMP_HELLINGER);
        distanceArray[5] = Imgproc.compareHist(hist_1, hist_2, Imgproc.HISTCMP_CHISQR_ALT);
        distanceArray[6] = Imgproc.compareHist(hist_1, hist_2, Imgproc.HISTCMP_KL_DIV);

        List<String> typeList = new ArrayList<>();
        typeList.add("HISTCMP_CORREL");
        typeList.add("HISTCMP_CHISQR");
        typeList.add("HISTCMP_INTERSECT");
        typeList.add("HISTCMP_BHATTACHARYYA");
        typeList.add("HISTCMP_HELLINGER");
        typeList.add("HISTCMP_CHISQR_ALT");
        typeList.add("HISTCMP_KL_DIV");

        for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
            textArea.appendText("Type: " + typeList.get(i) + " | Distance: "+ distanceArray[i] + "\n");
        }
        src.copyTo(dst);
        src_2.copyTo(dst_2);

        MatOfByte matOfByte = new MatOfByte();
        Imgcodecs.imencode(".jpg", dst, matOfByte);

        byte[] bytes = matOfByte.toArray();
        InputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);
        BufferedImage bufImage = ImageIO.read(in);

        WritableImage writableImage = SwingFXUtils.toFXImage(bufImage, null);

        return writableImage;
    }

}

相关图片

图1 - lenna原图

图2 - 经处理后的lenna图

图3 - 运行图