ping 命令的实现

参考书《网络编程与分层协议设计基于Linux平台实现》ISBN 978-7-111-35052-1

头文件

ping.h

#define ICMP_ECHOREPLY 0
#define ICMP_ECHO 8
#define BUFSIZE 1500
#define DEFAULT_LEN 56
typedef unsigned char u8;
typedef unsigned short u16;
typedef unsigned int u32;
struct icmphdr{
    u8 type;
    u8 code;
    u16 checksum;
    union{
        struct{
            u16 id;
            u16 sequence;
        }echo;
        u32 gateway;
        struct{
            u16 unused;
            u16 mtu;
        }frag;
    }un;
    u8 data[0];
#define icmp_id un.echo.id
#define icmp_seq un.echo.sequence
};
#define ICMP_HSIZE sizeof(struct icmphdr)
struct iphdr{
    u8 hlen:4 ,ver:4;
    u8 tos;
    u16 tot_len;
    u16 id;
    u16 frag_off;
    u8 ttl;
    u8 protocol;
    u16 check;
    u32 saddr;
    u32 daddr;
};
char *hostname;
int datalen = DEFAULT_LEN;
char sendbuf[BUFSIZE];
char recvbuf[BUFSIZE];
int nsent;
int nrecv;
pid_t pid;
struct timeval recvtime;
int sockfd;
struct sockaddr_in dest;
struct sockaddr_in from;
struct sigaction act_alarm;
struct sigaction act_int;
void alarm_handler(int);
void int_handler(int);
void set_sighandler();
void send_ping();
void recv_reply();
u16 checksum(u8 *buf,int len);
int handle_pkt();
void get_statistics(int,int);
void bail(const char*);

ping.c

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<sys/time.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<sys/socket.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<netdb.h>
#include<errno.h>
#include<arpa/inet.h>
#include<signal.h>
#include<netinet/in.h>

#include"ping.h"
#define IP_HSIZE sizeof(struct iphdr)
#define IPVERSION  4

struct itimerval val_alarm={.it_interval.tv_sec = 1,
                               .it_interval.tv_usec=0,
                               .it_value.tv_sec=0,
                               .it_value.tv_usec=1
                                };

int main(int argc,char **argv)
{
    struct hostent *host;
    int on =1;

    if(argc<2){
    printf("Usage: %s hostname\n",argv[0]);
    exit(1);
    }

    if((host=gethostbyname(argv[1]))==NULL){
      perror("can not understand the host name");
      exit(1);
      }

      hostname=argv[1];

      memset(&dest,0,sizeof dest);
      dest.sin_family=PF_INET;
      dest.sin_port=ntohs(0);
      dest.sin_addr=*(struct in_addr *)host->h_addr_list[0];

      if((sockfd = socket(PF_INET,SOCK_RAW,IPPROTO_ICMP))<0){
          perror("raw socket created error");
          exit(1);
       }

       setsockopt(sockfd,IPPROTO_IP,IP_HDRINCL,&on,sizeof(on));

setuid(getuid());
pid=getpid();

set_sighandler();
printf("Ping %s(%s): %d bytes data in ICMP packets.\n\n",
       argv[1],inet_ntoa(dest.sin_addr),datalen);

       if((setitimer(ITIMER_REAL,&val_alarm,NULL))==-1)
          bail("setitimer fails.");


          recv_reply();

          return 0;
}

void send_ping(void)
{
    struct iphdr *ip_hdr;
    struct icmphdr *icmp_hdr;
    int len;
    int len1;

    ip_hdr=(struct iphdr *)sendbuf;
    ip_hdr->hlen=sizeof(struct iphdr)>>2;
    ip_hdr->ver=IPVERSION;
    ip_hdr->tos=0;
    ip_hdr->tot_len=IP_HSIZE+ICMP_HSIZE+datalen;
    ip_hdr->id=0;
    ip_hdr->frag_off=0;
    ip_hdr->protocol=IPPROTO_ICMP;
    ip_hdr->ttl=255;
    ip_hdr->daddr=dest.sin_addr.s_addr;
    len1=ip_hdr->hlen<<2;

    icmp_hdr=(struct icmphdr *)(sendbuf+len1);
    icmp_hdr->type=ICMP_ECHO;
    icmp_hdr->code=0;
    icmp_hdr->icmp_id=pid;
    icmp_hdr->icmp_seq=nsent++;
    memset(icmp_hdr->data,0xff,datalen);

    gettimeofday((struct timeval *)icmp_hdr->data,NULL);

    len=ip_hdr->tot_len;
    icmp_hdr->checksum=0;
    icmp_hdr->checksum=checksum((u8 *)icmp_hdr,len);

    sendto(sockfd,sendbuf,len,0,(struct sockaddr *)&dest,sizeof (dest));
}

void recv_reply()
{
    int n,len;
    int errno;

    n=nrecv=0;
    len=sizeof(from);

    while(nrecv<4){
      if((n=recvfrom(sockfd,recvbuf,sizeof recvbuf,0,(struct sockaddr *)&from,&len))<0){
              if(errno==EINTR)
              continue;
              bail("recvfrom error");
            }

            gettimeofday(&recvtime,NULL);

            if(handle_pkt())

            continue;
            nrecv++;
    }

    get_statistics(nsent,nrecv);
}

u16 checksum(u8 *buf,int len)
{
    u32 sum=0;
    u16 *cbuf;

    cbuf=(u16 *)buf;

    while(len>1){
    sum+=*cbuf++;
    len-=2;
    }

    if(len)
        sum+=*(u8 *)cbuf;

        sum=(sum>>16)+(sum & 0xffff);
        sum+=(sum>>16);

        return ~sum;
}




int handle_pkt()
{
    struct iphdr *ip;
    struct icmphdr *icmp;

    int ip_hlen;
    u16 ip_datalen;
    double rtt;
    struct timeval *sendtime;

    ip=(struct iphdr *)recvbuf;

    ip_hlen=ip->hlen << 2;
    ip_datalen=ntohs(ip->tot_len)-ip_hlen;

    icmp=(struct icmphdr *)(recvbuf+ip_hlen);

    if(checksum((u8 *)icmp,ip_datalen))
       return -1;


       if(icmp->icmp_id!=pid)
        return -1;

        sendtime=(struct timeval *)icmp->data;
        rtt=((&recvtime)->tv_sec-sendtime->tv_sec)*1000+((&recvtime)->tv_usec-sendtime->tv_usec)/1000.0;

        printf("%d bytes from %s:icmp_seq=%u ttl=%d rtt=%.3f ms\n",
               ip_datalen,
               inet_ntoa(from.sin_addr),
               icmp->icmp_seq,
               ip->ttl,
               rtt);

          return 0;
}

void set_sighandler()
{
    act_alarm.sa_handler=alarm_handler;
    if(sigaction(SIGALRM,&act_alarm,NULL)==-1)
       bail("SIGALRM handler setting fails.");

       act_int.sa_handler=int_handler;
       if(sigaction(SIGINT,&act_int,NULL)==-1)
         bail("SIGALRM handler setting fails.");
}

void get_statistics(int nsent,int nrecv)
{
    printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n",inet_ntoa(dest.sin_addr));
    printf("%d packets transmitted, %d received, %0.0f%% ""packet loss\n",
           nsent,nrecv,1.0*(nsent-nrecv)/nsent*100);
}

void bail(const char * on_what)
{
    fputs(strerror(errno),stderr);
    fputs(":",stderr);
    fputs(on_what,stderr);
    fputc('\n',stderr);
    exit(1);
}




void int_handler(int sig)
{
    get_statistics(nsent,nrecv);
    close(sockfd);
    exit(1);
}




void alarm_handler(int signo)
{
    send_ping();
}

编译命令

gcc ping.c -o myping -std=gnu99

因为原始套接字要root权限

所以 运行sudo chmod u+s myping

运行程序

./myping www.baidu.com