MFC 基础概念

msdn原文：（几个消息响应函数的解释）

OnCreate:The framework calls this member function when an application requests that the windows windows be created by calling the Create or CreateEx member function. The CWnd object receives this member function to perform any needed initialization before it becomes visible. 

OnSize: The framework calls this member function after the window's size has changed. 

OnInitDialog:This member function is called in response to the WM_INITDIALOG message. This message is sent to the dialog box during the Create, CreateIndirect, or DoModal calls, which occur immediately before the dialog box is displayed.

执行过程：onCreate,OnSize,OnInitDialog

OnPaint:

The WM_PAINT message is generated by the system and should not be sent by an application. To force a window to draw into a specific device context, use the WM_PRINT or WM_PRINTCLIENT message. Note that this requires the target window to support the WM_PRINTCLIENT message. Most common controls support the WM_PRINTCLIENT message.

The DefWindowProc function validates the update region. The function may also send the WM_NCPAINT message to the window procedure if the window frame must be painted and send the WM_ERASEBKGND message if the window background must be erased.

The system sends this message when there are no other messages in the application's message queue. DispatchMessage determines where to send the message; GetMessage determines which message to dispatch. GetMessage returns the WM_PAINT message when there are no other messages in the application's message queue, and DispatchMessage sends the message to the appropriate window procedure.

A window may receive internal paint messages as a result of calling RedrawWindow with the RDW_INTERNALPAINT flag set. In this case, the window may not have an update region. An application should call the GetUpdateRect function to determine whether the window has an update region. If GetUpdateRect returns zero, the application should not call the BeginPaint and EndPaint functions.

An application must check for any necessary internal painting by looking at its internal data structures for each WM_PAINT message, because a WM_PAINT message may have been caused by both a non-NULL update region and a call to RedrawWindow with the RDW_INTERNALPAINT flag set.

The system sends an internal WM_PAINT message only once. After an internal WM_PAINT message is returned from GetMessage or PeekMessage or is sent to a window by UpdateWindow, the system does not post or send further WM_PAINT messages until the window is invalidated or until RedrawWindow is called again with the RDW_INTERNALPAINT flag set.

For some common controls, the default WM_PAINT message processing checks the wParam parameter. If wParam is non-NULL, the control assumes that the value is an HDC and paints using that device context.

 对于窗口程序，一般有个特点：窗口大部分的区域保持不变，只有不分区域需要重新绘制。如果将整个窗口全部刷新的画，就做了许多不必要的工作，因而，MFC采用了一套基于无效区的处理机制。在分析无效区处理之前，我们要明白一个现实，现在的机器还不够牛，如果够牛的话，我们干脆将整个窗口不断的重新绘制好了。事实上即使够牛也不行，对于一个单线程程序，通过一个while循环不断的刷新窗口，程序也无法相应其他消息（除非使用多线程），看来使用无效区的处理机制还是有其必然性的。

     VC程序是基于消息机制的，你所做的任何操作，比如点击鼠标，拖动窗口，首先进入系统的消息队列。这里的系统消息队列包括多个程序的消息，系统再将消息发送给相应的程序。既然是队列，这就有一个先进先出的问题，屏幕上的无效区更新消息出现的频率就会特别高。比如当左上角更新的消息还没有处理，右下角更新的消息已经过来了。为了避免多次处理WM_PAINT消息，系统就将这些窗口更新消息合并到一条，只是将无效区范围变成包括这两次更新无效区范围在内的矩形区域。这样就减少了WM_PAINT消息的处理次数，提高了效率。

     那么，在OnPaint消息处理函数中，又是怎样实现更新无效区的呢？首先，要明白MFC中所有绘图操作都是基于设备描述表(Device Context，简称DC)的，具体信息可参看任何一本VC教材。DC中包含了绘图设备的各种信息，对于屏幕绘图，其实就是有一块内存（显存），专门用来存放要显示到屏幕上的信息，显示器以85HZ的频率（我以前的显示器）将其内容刷新的屏幕上。这里就到了关键点，显示器的刷新是将显存中的内容完全更新到显示器上，不存在无效区处理的问题，那么，无效区的处理一定发生在DC的绘图处理上。事实确实如此，当程序调用OnPaint消息时，首先将无效区范围传递给DC，DC在进行绘图操作时，就只更新无效区范围内的信息，其他地方的不管，这就提高了效率。

     现在你明白OnPaint的处理是怎么一回事了吧？这里还想说一下Invalidate和UpdateWindow的区别。Invalidate在消息队列中加入一条WM_PAINT消息，其无效区为整个客户区。而UpdateWindow直接发送一个WM_PAINT消息，其无效区范围就是消息队列中WM_PAINT消息（最多只有一条）的无效区。效果很明显，调用Invalidate之后，屏幕不一定马上更新，因为WM_PAINT消息不一定在队列头部，而调用UpdateWindow会使WM_PAINT消息马上执行的，绕过了消息队列。如果你调用Invalidate之后想马上更新屏幕，那就加上UpdateWindow()这条语句。