opencv接口操作(图像、视频、摄像头)

1、读取图片

Mat src_mat = imread("D:\\test.jpg")

将D盘中命为test.jpg图片加载到内存中。

C：Mat imread( const string& filename, int flags=1 )

python：cv2.imread(filename, flags)

 string为图像路径，flags为加载图像标志位

其中：-1(IMREAD_UNCHANGED)表示图像未做任何修改，按照图像原有格式加载(灰度图1通道、彩色jpg一般三通道、png一般四通道)

           0(IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)：灰度图方式加载，不管原始图像几通道什么格式，加载进来channels都是1

           1(IMREAD_COLOR):彩色图方式加载

           2(IMREAD_ANYDEPTH) 任意深度方式加载，不论什么位深度。假设载入的图像不是16-bit位图或者32-bit位图。则转化为8-bit位图。但不知道为什么加载之后彩色图变成灰度图了

           4(IMREAD_ANYCOLOR)任意色彩方式加载，跟1一样

默认加载方式是1，对于三通道图像，-1,1,4是一样的，0/2的话会彩色图转灰度，png的话-1方式会加载成四通道，默认1的话也是三通道。加载之后也可以通过cvtColor进行颜色空间转换。

2、颜色空间转换

void cvtColor( InputArray src, OutputArray dst, int code, int dstCn=0 );

后面code代表图像颜色空间转换方式，一共有以下几种类型：

COLOR_BGR2BGRA    =0,
    COLOR_RGB2RGBA    =COLOR_BGR2BGRA,

    COLOR_BGRA2BGR    =1,
    COLOR_RGBA2RGB    =COLOR_BGRA2BGR,

    COLOR_BGR2RGBA    =2,
    COLOR_RGB2BGRA    =COLOR_BGR2RGBA,

    COLOR_RGBA2BGR    =3,
    COLOR_BGRA2RGB    =COLOR_RGBA2BGR,

    COLOR_BGR2RGB     =4,
    COLOR_RGB2BGR     =COLOR_BGR2RGB,

    COLOR_BGRA2RGBA   =5,
    COLOR_RGBA2BGRA   =COLOR_BGRA2RGBA,

    COLOR_BGR2GRAY    =6,
    COLOR_RGB2GRAY    =7,
    COLOR_GRAY2BGR    =8,
    COLOR_GRAY2RGB    =COLOR_GRAY2BGR,
    COLOR_GRAY2BGRA   =9,
    COLOR_GRAY2RGBA   =COLOR_GRAY2BGRA,
    COLOR_BGRA2GRAY   =10,
    COLOR_RGBA2GRAY   =11,

    COLOR_BGR2BGR565  =12,
    COLOR_RGB2BGR565  =13,
    COLOR_BGR5652BGR  =14,
    COLOR_BGR5652RGB  =15,
    COLOR_BGRA2BGR565 =16,
    COLOR_RGBA2BGR565 =17,
    COLOR_BGR5652BGRA =18,
    COLOR_BGR5652RGBA =19,

    COLOR_GRAY2BGR565 =20,
    COLOR_BGR5652GRAY =21,

    COLOR_BGR2BGR555  =22,
    COLOR_RGB2BGR555  =23,
    COLOR_BGR5552BGR  =24,
    COLOR_BGR5552RGB  =25,
    COLOR_BGRA2BGR555 =26,
    COLOR_RGBA2BGR555 =27,
    COLOR_BGR5552BGRA =28,
    COLOR_BGR5552RGBA =29,

    COLOR_GRAY2BGR555 =30,
    COLOR_BGR5552GRAY =31,

    COLOR_BGR2XYZ     =32,
    COLOR_RGB2XYZ     =33,
    COLOR_XYZ2BGR     =34,
    COLOR_XYZ2RGB     =35,

    COLOR_BGR2YCrCb   =36,
    COLOR_RGB2YCrCb   =37,
    COLOR_YCrCb2BGR   =38,
    COLOR_YCrCb2RGB   =39,

    COLOR_BGR2HSV     =40,
    COLOR_RGB2HSV     =41,

    COLOR_BGR2Lab     =44,
    COLOR_RGB2Lab     =45,

    COLOR_BayerBG2BGR =46,
    COLOR_BayerGB2BGR =47,
    COLOR_BayerRG2BGR =48,
    COLOR_BayerGR2BGR =49,

    COLOR_BayerBG2RGB =COLOR_BayerRG2BGR,
    COLOR_BayerGB2RGB =COLOR_BayerGR2BGR,
    COLOR_BayerRG2RGB =COLOR_BayerBG2BGR,
    COLOR_BayerGR2RGB =COLOR_BayerGB2BGR,

    COLOR_BGR2Luv     =50,
    COLOR_RGB2Luv     =51,
    COLOR_BGR2HLS     =52,
    COLOR_RGB2HLS     =53,

    COLOR_HSV2BGR     =54,
    COLOR_HSV2RGB     =55,

    COLOR_Lab2BGR     =56,
    COLOR_Lab2RGB     =57,
    COLOR_Luv2BGR     =58,
    COLOR_Luv2RGB     =59,
    COLOR_HLS2BGR     =60,
    COLOR_HLS2RGB     =61,

    COLOR_BayerBG2BGR_VNG =62,
    COLOR_BayerGB2BGR_VNG =63,
    COLOR_BayerRG2BGR_VNG =64,
    COLOR_BayerGR2BGR_VNG =65,

    COLOR_BayerBG2RGB_VNG =COLOR_BayerRG2BGR_VNG,
    COLOR_BayerGB2RGB_VNG =COLOR_BayerGR2BGR_VNG,
    COLOR_BayerRG2RGB_VNG =COLOR_BayerBG2BGR_VNG,
    COLOR_BayerGR2RGB_VNG =COLOR_BayerGB2BGR_VNG,

    COLOR_BGR2HSV_FULL = 66,
    COLOR_RGB2HSV_FULL = 67,
    COLOR_BGR2HLS_FULL = 68,
    COLOR_RGB2HLS_FULL = 69,

    COLOR_HSV2BGR_FULL = 70,
    COLOR_HSV2RGB_FULL = 71,
    COLOR_HLS2BGR_FULL = 72,
    COLOR_HLS2RGB_FULL = 73,

    COLOR_LBGR2Lab     = 74,
    COLOR_LRGB2Lab     = 75,
    COLOR_LBGR2Luv     = 76,
    COLOR_LRGB2Luv     = 77,

    COLOR_Lab2LBGR     = 78,
    COLOR_Lab2LRGB     = 79,
    COLOR_Luv2LBGR     = 80,
    COLOR_Luv2LRGB     = 81,

    COLOR_BGR2YUV      = 82,
    COLOR_RGB2YUV      = 83,
    COLOR_YUV2BGR      = 84,
    COLOR_YUV2RGB      = 85,

    COLOR_BayerBG2GRAY = 86,
    COLOR_BayerGB2GRAY = 87,
    COLOR_BayerRG2GRAY = 88,
    COLOR_BayerGR2GRAY = 89,

    //YUV 4:2:0 formats family
    COLOR_YUV2RGB_NV12 = 90,
    COLOR_YUV2BGR_NV12 = 91,
    COLOR_YUV2RGB_NV21 = 92,
    COLOR_YUV2BGR_NV21 = 93,
    COLOR_YUV420sp2RGB = COLOR_YUV2RGB_NV21,
    COLOR_YUV420sp2BGR = COLOR_YUV2BGR_NV21,

    COLOR_YUV2RGBA_NV12 = 94,
    COLOR_YUV2BGRA_NV12 = 95,
    COLOR_YUV2RGBA_NV21 = 96,
    COLOR_YUV2BGRA_NV21 = 97,
    COLOR_YUV420sp2RGBA = COLOR_YUV2RGBA_NV21,
    COLOR_YUV420sp2BGRA = COLOR_YUV2BGRA_NV21,

    COLOR_YUV2RGB_YV12 = 98,
    COLOR_YUV2BGR_YV12 = 99,
    COLOR_YUV2RGB_IYUV = 100,
    COLOR_YUV2BGR_IYUV = 101,
    COLOR_YUV2RGB_I420 = COLOR_YUV2RGB_IYUV,
    COLOR_YUV2BGR_I420 = COLOR_YUV2BGR_IYUV,
    COLOR_YUV420p2RGB = COLOR_YUV2RGB_YV12,
    COLOR_YUV420p2BGR = COLOR_YUV2BGR_YV12,

    COLOR_YUV2RGBA_YV12 = 102,
    COLOR_YUV2BGRA_YV12 = 103,
    COLOR_YUV2RGBA_IYUV = 104,
    COLOR_YUV2BGRA_IYUV = 105,
    COLOR_YUV2RGBA_I420 = COLOR_YUV2RGBA_IYUV,
    COLOR_YUV2BGRA_I420 = COLOR_YUV2BGRA_IYUV,
    COLOR_YUV420p2RGBA = COLOR_YUV2RGBA_YV12,
    COLOR_YUV420p2BGRA = COLOR_YUV2BGRA_YV12,

    COLOR_YUV2GRAY_420 = 106,
    COLOR_YUV2GRAY_NV21 = COLOR_YUV2GRAY_420,
    COLOR_YUV2GRAY_NV12 = COLOR_YUV2GRAY_420,
    COLOR_YUV2GRAY_YV12 = COLOR_YUV2GRAY_420,
    COLOR_YUV2GRAY_IYUV = COLOR_YUV2GRAY_420,
    COLOR_YUV2GRAY_I420 = COLOR_YUV2GRAY_420,
    COLOR_YUV420sp2GRAY = COLOR_YUV2GRAY_420,
    COLOR_YUV420p2GRAY = COLOR_YUV2GRAY_420,

    //YUV 4:2:2 formats family
    COLOR_YUV2RGB_UYVY = 107,
    COLOR_YUV2BGR_UYVY = 108,
    //COLOR_YUV2RGB_VYUY = 109,
    //COLOR_YUV2BGR_VYUY = 110,
    COLOR_YUV2RGB_Y422 = COLOR_YUV2RGB_UYVY,
    COLOR_YUV2BGR_Y422 = COLOR_YUV2BGR_UYVY,
    COLOR_YUV2RGB_UYNV = COLOR_YUV2RGB_UYVY,
    COLOR_YUV2BGR_UYNV = COLOR_YUV2BGR_UYVY,

    COLOR_YUV2RGBA_UYVY = 111,
    COLOR_YUV2BGRA_UYVY = 112,
    //COLOR_YUV2RGBA_VYUY = 113,
    //COLOR_YUV2BGRA_VYUY = 114,
    COLOR_YUV2RGBA_Y422 = COLOR_YUV2RGBA_UYVY,
    COLOR_YUV2BGRA_Y422 = COLOR_YUV2BGRA_UYVY,
    COLOR_YUV2RGBA_UYNV = COLOR_YUV2RGBA_UYVY,
    COLOR_YUV2BGRA_UYNV = COLOR_YUV2BGRA_UYVY,

    COLOR_YUV2RGB_YUY2 = 115,
    COLOR_YUV2BGR_YUY2 = 116,
    COLOR_YUV2RGB_YVYU = 117,
    COLOR_YUV2BGR_YVYU = 118,
    COLOR_YUV2RGB_YUYV = COLOR_YUV2RGB_YUY2,
    COLOR_YUV2BGR_YUYV = COLOR_YUV2BGR_YUY2,
    COLOR_YUV2RGB_YUNV = COLOR_YUV2RGB_YUY2,
    COLOR_YUV2BGR_YUNV = COLOR_YUV2BGR_YUY2,

    COLOR_YUV2RGBA_YUY2 = 119,
    COLOR_YUV2BGRA_YUY2 = 120,
    COLOR_YUV2RGBA_YVYU = 121,
    COLOR_YUV2BGRA_YVYU = 122,
    COLOR_YUV2RGBA_YUYV = COLOR_YUV2RGBA_YUY2,
    COLOR_YUV2BGRA_YUYV = COLOR_YUV2BGRA_YUY2,
    COLOR_YUV2RGBA_YUNV = COLOR_YUV2RGBA_YUY2,
    COLOR_YUV2BGRA_YUNV = COLOR_YUV2BGRA_YUY2,

    COLOR_YUV2GRAY_UYVY = 123,
    COLOR_YUV2GRAY_YUY2 = 124,
    //COLOR_YUV2GRAY_VYUY = COLOR_YUV2GRAY_UYVY,
    COLOR_YUV2GRAY_Y422 = COLOR_YUV2GRAY_UYVY,
    COLOR_YUV2GRAY_UYNV = COLOR_YUV2GRAY_UYVY,
    COLOR_YUV2GRAY_YVYU = COLOR_YUV2GRAY_YUY2,
    COLOR_YUV2GRAY_YUYV = COLOR_YUV2GRAY_YUY2,
    COLOR_YUV2GRAY_YUNV = COLOR_YUV2GRAY_YUY2,

    // alpha premultiplication
    COLOR_RGBA2mRGBA = 125,
    COLOR_mRGBA2RGBA = 126,

    COLOR_RGB2YUV_I420 = 127,
    COLOR_BGR2YUV_I420 = 128,
    COLOR_RGB2YUV_IYUV = COLOR_RGB2YUV_I420,
    COLOR_BGR2YUV_IYUV = COLOR_BGR2YUV_I420,

    COLOR_RGBA2YUV_I420 = 129,
    COLOR_BGRA2YUV_I420 = 130,
    COLOR_RGBA2YUV_IYUV = COLOR_RGBA2YUV_I420,
    COLOR_BGRA2YUV_IYUV = COLOR_BGRA2YUV_I420,
    COLOR_RGB2YUV_YV12  = 131,
    COLOR_BGR2YUV_YV12  = 132,
    COLOR_RGBA2YUV_YV12 = 133,
    COLOR_BGRA2YUV_YV12 = 134,

如彩色图转灰度：

cvtColor(src_mat, out_mat, CV_BGR2GRAY);

3、图像显示

imshow("windowname", src_mat)
int key = waitKey(0)

waitKey中参数代表等待多少ms窗口消失或者切换下一张图片，如果为0则无线等待，直到键盘按键触发。

这块也可以做标注工具，一张张的显示图片，键盘按下1/2/3或者其他按键，通过返回值key记录标注结果