Oracle利器:AMDU抽取ASM数据文件测试
在异常情况下RAC集群无法启动，asm实例无法打开，此时asm磁盘组文件也无法使用asmcmd拷贝到文件目录，我们可以使用Oracle自带的工具amdu，在asm实例无法启动或者磁盘组无法mount的情况下对数据进行抽取。
本次通过odu以及amdu，将rac环境下的数据库，在异机单实例下进行恢复。
备注：本次通过odu的试用版，仅仅是获取asm目录结构，抽取文件的动作是由amdu完成。
1、关闭RAC集群
[root@rac1 ~]# crsctl stop cluster -all
asmcmd已无法查看磁盘组
[grid@rac2:/home/grid]$asmcmd
Connected to an idle instance.
ASMCMD> ls
ASMCMD-8102: no connection to Oracle ASM; command requires Oracle ASM to run
2、查看ASM磁盘组对应磁盘
[grid@rac1:/home/grid/odu]$kfod di=all group=diskgroup ds=true
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Disk Size Path Disk Group User Group
================================================================================
1: 5120 Mb /dev/asmdisk1 CRS grid asmadmin
2: 10240 Mb /dev/asmdisk2 DATA grid asmadmin
3: 6144 Mb /dev/asmdisk3 ARCH grid asmadmin
KFOD returned no data
3、解压odu
链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1QIf9ykw-A9yxM5MUAXtO9Q 密码:gmrp
[root@rac1 opt]# tar -zxvf odu_trial_413_linux_x86.tar.gz
odu/
odu/asmdisk.txt
odu/config.txt
odu/control.txt
odu/data/
odu/odu
[root@rac1 opt]# cd odu/
[root@rac1 odu]# ll
total 2544
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 90 Mar 22 2011 asmdisk.txt
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 558 Mar 22 2011 config.txt
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 118 Mar 22 2011 control.txt
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 May 15 2009 data
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 2588361 Feb 2 2012 odu
4、编辑odu对应asm磁盘文件
odu会根据此文件查找asm磁盘组
[root@rac1 odu]# vi asmdisk.txt
# disk_no disk_path group_name meta_block_size ausize disk_size header_offset
1 /dev/asmdisk1
2 /dev/asmdisk2
3 /dev/asmdisk3
5、启动odu
[root@rac1 odu]# ./odu
Oracle Data Unloader trial version 4.1.3
Copyright © 2008,2009,2010,2011 XiongJun. All rights reserved.
Web: http://www.oracleodu.com
Email: magic007cn@gmail.com
loading default config.......
byte_order little
block_size 8192
block_buffers 1024
error at line 3.
db_timezone -7
Invalid db timezone:-7
client_timezone 8
Invalid client timezone:8
asmfile_extract_path /asmfile
data_path data
lob_path /odu/data/lob
charset_name US7ASII
charset name 'US7ASII' not found,will use default charset ZHS16GBK
ncharset_name AL16UTF16
output_format text
lob_storage infile
clob_byte_order big
trace_level 1
delimiter |
unload_deleted no
file_header_offset 0
is_tru64 no
record_row_addr no
convert_clob_charset yes
use_scanned_lob yes
trim_scanned_blob yes
lob_switch_dir_rows 20000
db_block_checksum yes
db_block_checking yes
rdba_file_bits 10
compatible 10
load config file 'config.txt' successful
loading default asm disk file ......
grp# dsk# bsize ausize disksize diskname groupname path
---- ---- ----- ------ -------- --------------- --------------- --------------------------------------------
1 0 4096 1024K 5120 CRS_0000 CRS /dev/asmdisk1
2 0 4096 4096K 2560 DATA_0000 DATA /dev/asmdisk2
3 0 4096 4096K 1536 ARCH_0000 ARCH /dev/asmdisk3
load asm disk file 'asmdisk.txt' successful
-->ODU已成功扫描asm磁盘组
loading default control file ......
ts# fn rfn bsize blocks bf offset filename
---- ---- ---- ----- -------- -- ------ --------------------------------------------
load control file 'control.txt' successful
loading dictionary data......done
loading scanned data......done
6、进入asm磁盘组目录
ODU> asmcmd
Entering asmcmd module.
ASMCMD> ls
Current directory: <root>
Disk Group
------------------------------------
CRS
DATA
ARCH
7、找出所有数据库相关的数据文件
ASMCMD> cd +data
Current directory: +DATA
ASMCMD> ls
Current directory: +DATA
Name
----------------------------------------
ORCL <DIR>
system01.dbf => +DATA.263.1006945245
sysaux01.dbf => +DATA.265.1006945281
undotbs01.dbf => +DATA.270.1006945305
users01.dbf => +DATA.256.1006945307
admin_5.dbf => +DATA.269.1006945307
tbs_6.dbf => +DATA.274.1006945443
tbs_index_7.dbf => +DATA.264.1006945445
redo01.log => +DATA.266.1006945479
redo02.log => +DATA.271.1006945479
redo03.log => +DATA.272.1006945481
temp01.dbf => +DATA.267.1006945481
spfileorcl.ora => +DATA.259.1006946053
undotbs02.dbf => +DATA.258.1006950347
epointwebbuilder4_4.dbf => +DATA.281.1010051161
epointwebbuilder4_4_01.dbf => +DATA.282.1010052881
ASMCMD> cd ORCL
Current directory: +DATA/ORCL
ASMCMD> ls
Current directory: +DATA/ORCL
Name
----------------------------------------
CONTROLFILE <DIR>
DATAFILE <DIR>
ONLINELOG <DIR>
TEMPFILE <DIR>
PARAMETERFILE <DIR>
spfileorcldb.ora => +DATA.273.1006606953
8、查找控制文件、日志文件
ASMCMD> cd CONTROLFILE
Current directory: +DATA/ORCL/CONTROLFILE
ASMCMD> ls
Current directory: +DATA/ORCL/CONTROLFILE
Name
----------------------------------------
current.268.1006945239
control1.ctl => +DATA.268.1006945239
Current.268.1006604463
group_2.261.965769115
group_3.268.965771071
group_4.269.965771071
9、抽取数据文件、控制文件、日志文件
将asm磁盘对应文件拷贝到文件系统
[root@rac1 ~]# su - grid
根据上述获取的asm文件内部数字编号，抽取数据，格式为
“amdu -diskstring '/dev/磁盘路径' -extract 'ASM磁盘组名称.数字编号'”
amdu -diskstring '/dev/asm*' -extract 'DATA.263'
amdu -diskstring '/dev/asm*' -extract 'DATA.265'
amdu -diskstring '/dev/asm*' -extract 'DATA.270'
amdu -diskstring '/dev/asm*' -extract 'DATA.256'
amdu -diskstring '/dev/asm*' -extract 'DATA.269'
amdu -diskstring '/dev/asm*' -extract 'DATA.274'
amdu -diskstring '/dev/asm*' -extract 'DATA.264'
amdu -diskstring '/dev/asm*' -extract 'DATA.266'
amdu -diskstring '/dev/asm*' -extract 'DATA.271'
amdu -diskstring '/dev/asm*' -extract 'DATA.272'
amdu -diskstring '/dev/asm*' -extract 'DATA.267'
amdu -diskstring '/dev/asm*' -extract 'DATA.259'
amdu -diskstring '/dev/asm*' -extract 'DATA.258'
amdu -diskstring '/dev/asm*' -extract 'DATA.281'
amdu -diskstring '/dev/asm*' -extract 'DATA.282'
amdu -diskstring '/dev/asm*' -extract 'DATA.268'
amdu -diskstring '/dev/asm*' -extract 'DATA.260'
amdu -diskstring '/dev/asm*' -extract 'DATA.261'
amdu -diskstring '/dev/asm*' -extract 'DATA.262'
10、异机环境编辑参数文件
[oracle@gs ~]$ vi /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorcl.ora
audit_trail=none
sga_target=4g
pga_aggregate_target=1g
control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control1.ctl'
db_name='orcl'
db_domain=''
processes=1000
compatible=11.2.0.4.0
undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
11、启动数据库mount
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 4275781632 bytes
Fixed Size 2260088 bytes
Variable Size 838861704 bytes
Database Buffers 3422552064 bytes
Redo Buffers 12107776 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> select name from v$datafile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+DATA/system01.dbf
+DATA/sysaux01.dbf
+DATA/undotbs01.dbf
+DATA/users01.dbf
+DATA/admin_5.dbf
+DATA/tbs_6.dbf
+DATA/tbs_index_7.dbf
+DATA/undotbs02.dbf
+DATA/epointwebbuilder4_4.dbf
+DATA/epointwebbuilder4_4_01.dbf
10 rows selected.
12、修改控制文件中数据文件、日志文件路径
使用脚本批量修改name
select 'alter database rename file '''||name||''' to '''||replace(name,'+DATA/orcl/datafile','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl')||''' ;' from v$datafile;
select 'alter database rename file '''||member||''' to '''||replace(member,'+DATA/orcl/datafile','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl')||''' ;' from v$logfile;
alter database rename file '+DATA/system01.dbf' to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DATA_263.f';
alter database rename file '+DATA/sysaux01.dbf' to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DATA_265.f';
alter database rename file '+DATA/undotbs01.dbf' to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DATA_270.f';
alter database rename file '+DATA/users01.dbf' to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DATA_256.f';
alter database rename file '+DATA/admin_5.dbf' to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DATA_269.f';
alter database rename file '+DATA/tbs_6.dbf' to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DATA_274.f';
alter database rename file '+DATA/tbs_index_7.dbf' to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DATA_264.f';
alter database rename file '+DATA/undotbs02.dbf' to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DATA_258.f';
alter database rename file '+DATA/epointwebbuilder4_4.dbf' to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DATA_281.f';
alter database rename file '+DATA/epointwebbuilder4_4_01.dbf' to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DATA_282.f';
alter database rename file '+DATA/redo01.log' to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DATA_266.f';
alter database rename file '+DATA/redo02.log' to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DATA_271.f';
alter database rename file '+DATA/redo03.log' to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DATA_272.f';
alter database rename file '+DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group_4.260.1006950467' to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DATA_260.f';
alter database rename file '+DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group_5.261.1006950467' to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DATA_261.f';
alter database rename file '+DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group_6.262.1006950467' to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/DATA_262.f';
13、打开数据库
SQL> recover database;
Media recovery complete.
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /u01/arch
Oldest online log sequence 96
Next log sequence to archive 98
Current log sequence 98
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
rac环境的数据文件在单实例下open完毕
备注：
如果不使用ODU工具，可以通过抽取的控制文件，再获取数据文件各个目录，最主要的是获取数据文件在asm中的内部编号。
[grid@rac1:/home/grid]$strings DATA_268.f | grep DATA |sort | uniq
+DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group_10.276.1007243997
+DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group_11.277.1007243997
+DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group_12.278.1007243999
+DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group_13.279.1007244115
+DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group_14.280.1007244119
+DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group_4.260.1006950467
+DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group_5.261.1006950467
+DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group_6.262.1006950467
+DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group_7.257.1007243993
+DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group_8.273.1007243995
+DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group_9.275.1007243995
···
参考：
MOS ASM tools used by Support : KFOD, KFED, AMDU (文档 ID 1485597.1)
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