黑马程序员_多线程(二)

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线程间通信-示例代码-解决安全问题

     线程间通讯，就是多个线程在操作同一个资源，但是操作的动作不同。

线程间通信-等待唤醒机制

     wait()    notify()    notifyAll()

    都使用在同步中，因为要对持有监视器（锁）的线程操作

    所以要使用在同步中，因为只有同步才具有锁 。

    这些方法在操作同步中线程时，都必须要标识它们所操作持有的锁，只有同一个锁上的被等待线程可以被同一个锁 的notify唤醒，不可以对不同锁中的线程进行唤醒，也就是说，等待和唤醒的必须是同一个锁

    锁可以是任意对象，所以可以被任意对象调用的方法定义在Object类中

class Res
{
	private String name;
	private String sex;
	boolean flag;
	public synchronized void set(String name,String sex)
	{
		if(flag)
		{
			try{this.wait();}catch(Exception e){};
		}
		this.name = name;
		this.sex = sex;
		flag = true;
		this.notify();
	}
	public synchronized void out()
	{
		if(!flag)
		{
			try{this.wait();}catch(Exception e){};
		}
		System.out.println(name+"-"+sex);
		flag = false;
		this.notify();
	}
}
class Input implements Runnable
{
	private Res r;
	Input(Res r)
	{
		this.r=r;
	}
	public void run()
	{
		int x = 0;
		while(true)
		{
				if(x==0)
				{
					r.set("M","male");
				}
				else
				{
					r.set("F","female");
				}
				x = (x+1)%2;
		}
	}
}
class Output implements Runnable
{
	private Res r;
	Output(Res r)
	{
		this.r = r;
	}
	public void run()
	{
		while(true)
		{
			r.out();
		}
	}
}
public class InputOutputDemo {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Res r = new Res();
		new Thread(new Input(r)).start();
		new Thread(new Output(r)).start();
		/*
		Input in = new Input(r);
		Output out = new Output(r);
		Thread t1 = new Thread(in);
		Thread t2 = new Thread(out);
		t1.start();
		t2.start();
		*/
	}
}

线程间通信-生产者消费者

class Resource
{
	private String name;
	private int count = 1;
	private boolean flag = false;
	
	public synchronized void set(String name)
	{
		while(flag)
		{
			try{this.wait();}catch(Exception e){};
		}
		this.name = name+"--"+count++;
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-生产者-"+this.name);
		flag = true;
		this.notifyAll();
	}
	public synchronized void out()
	{
		while(!flag)
		{
			try{this.wait();}catch(Exception e){};
		}
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"--消费者--"+this.name);
		flag = false;
		this.notifyAll();
	}
}
class Producer implements Runnable
{
	private Resource res;
	Producer(Resource res)
	{
		this.res = res;
	}
	public void run()
	{
		while(true)
		{
			res.set("..商品..");
		}
	}
}
class Consumer implements Runnable
{
	private Resource res;
	Consumer(Resource res)
	{
		this.res = res;
	}
	public void run()
	{
		while(true)
		{
			res.out();
		}
	}
}
public class ProducerConsumerDemo {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Resource r = new Resource();
		Producer pro = new Producer(r);
		Consumer con = new Consumer(r);
		
		Thread t1 = new Thread(pro);
		Thread t2 = new Thread(pro);
		Thread t3 = new Thread(con);
		Thread t4 = new Thread(con);
		
		t1.start();
		t2.start();
		t3.start();
		t4.start();
	}
}

线程间通信-生产者消费者JDK5.0升级版

     JDK1.5提供了多线程的升级解决方案，将同步Synchronized替换成显式的Lock操作

    将Object中的wait,notify,notifyAll替换成了Condition对象，该对象可以通过Lock锁进行获取。

    该示例中实现了本方只唤醒对方的操作

class Resource
{
	private String name;
	private int count = 1;
	private boolean flag = false;
	private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
	private Condition condition_pro = lock.newCondition();
	private Condition condition_con = lock.newCondition();
	public void set(String name) throws InterruptedException
	{
		lock.lock();
		try
		{
			while(flag)
			{
				condition_pro.await();
			}
			this.name = name+"--"+count++;
			System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-生产者-"+this.name);
			flag = true;
			condition_con.signal();
		}
		finally
		{
			lock.unlock();
		}
	}
	public synchronized void out() throws InterruptedException
	{
		lock.lock();
		try
		{
			while(!flag)
			{
				condition_con.await();
			}
			System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"--消费者--"+this.name);
			flag = false;
			condition_pro.signal();
		}
		finally
		{
			lock.unlock();
		}
		
	}
}
class Producer implements Runnable
{
	private Resource res;
	Producer(Resource res)
	{
		this.res = res;
	}
	public void run()
	{
		while(true)
		{
			try
			{
				res.set("..商品..");
			}
			catch(InterruptedException e)
			{
				
			}
		}
	}
}
class Consumer implements Runnable
{
	private Resource res;
	Consumer(Resource res)
	{
		this.res = res;
	}
	public void run()
	{
		while(true)
		{
			try
			{
				res.out();
			}
			catch(InterruptedException e)
			{
				
			}
		}
	}
}
public class ProducerConsumerDemo2 {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Resource r = new Resource();
		Producer pro = new Producer(r);
		Consumer con = new Consumer(r);
		
		Thread t1 = new Thread(pro);
		Thread t2 = new Thread(pro);
		Thread t3 = new Thread(con);
		Thread t4 = new Thread(con);
		
		t1.start();
		t2.start();
		t3.start();
		t4.start();
	}
}

停止线程

     interrupt

    停止线程，run方法结束。开启多线程运行，运行代码通常是循环结构，只要控制住循环，就可以让run方法结束，也就是线程结束。

    特殊情况：当线程处于冻结状态，就不会读取标记，那么线程就不会结束。

    当没有指定的方式让冻结状态的线程恢复到运行状态时，这是需要对冻结进行清除，强制让县城恢复到运行状态中来，这样就可以操作标记让线程结束。

    Thread类中提供了该方法    interrupt();

class StopThread implements Runnable
{
	private boolean flag = true;
	public synchronized void run()
	{
		while(flag)
		{
			try
			{
				wait();
			}
			catch(InterruptedException e)
			{
				System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"..Exception");
				flag = false;
			}
			System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"..run");
		}
	}
	public void changeFlag()
	{
		flag = false;
	}
}
public class StopThreadDemo {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		StopThread st = new StopThread();
		Thread t1 = new Thread(st);
		Thread t2 = new Thread(st);
		t1.start();
		t2.start();
		int num = 0;
		while(true)
		{
			if(num++==60)
			{
				t1.interrupt();
				t2.interrupt();
				break;
			}
			System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"..."+num);
		}
	}
}

守护线程

     setDaemon();

Join方法

     当A线程执行到了B线程的join()方法时，A线程就会的等待，等B线程执行完，A线程才会执行。

    join可以用来临时加入线程执行。

class Demo implements Runnable
{
	public void run()
	{
		for(int x=0; x<70; x++)
		{
			System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"..."+x);
		}
	}
}
public class JoinDemo {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		Demo d = new Demo();
		Thread t1 = new Thread(d);
		Thread t2 = new Thread(d);
		t1.start();
		t1.join();
		t2.start();
		for(int x=0; x<80; x++)
		{
			System.out.println("main..."+x);
		}
		System.out.println("over");
	}
}

     t1都执行完，t2和main才执行

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