迭代器被设计成每次仅由一个线程使用。

ConcurrentHashMap 文档中这句的意思，应该是不要同时两个线程使用迭代器，否则会重复迭代到同一元素，又或者丢失迭代的一些元素。 

可多次跑示例代码观察不同结果

import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier;
import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;


public class ConcurrentHashMapThreadTest {


public static volatile int num = 0;
public static Semaphore sem = new Semaphore(1);


public static void main(String[] args) {


ConcurrentHashMap<String, String> map = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
map.put("1", "goodest");
map.put("2", "badest");
map.put("3", "Lucy");
map.put("4", "Betty");
map.put("5", "but");
map.put("6", "you");
map.put("7", "and");
map.put("8", "me");


CyclicBarrier bar = new CyclicBarrier(2);


Iterator<String> it = map.values().iterator();
new Thread(() -> {
try {
bar.await();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
while (it.hasNext()) {
num++;
String value = it.next();
System.out.printf("get a value=%s,thread=%s\n", value, Thread.currentThread().getName());
}


}).start();


new Thread(() -> {
try {
bar.await();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
while (it.hasNext()) {
num++;
String value = it.next();
System.out.printf("get a value=%s,thread=%s\n", value, Thread.currentThread().getName());
;
}
}).start();


}


}