u-boot的制作

1.bootloader引导

BootLoader 是在操作系统内核启动之前运行的一段小程序。通过这段程序，我们可以初始化硬件设备，从而将系统的软硬件环境带到一个合适的状态，以便为最终调用操作系统内核准备好正确的环境，最后从别处（ Flash、以太网、 UART）载入内核映像到主存并跳到入口地址。

U-Boot 是 Das U-Boot 的简称，其含义是 Universal Boot Loader，是遵循 GPL 条款的开放源码项目。最早德国 DENX 软件工程中心的 Wolfgang Denk 基于 8xxROM 和 FADSROM的源码创建了 PPCBoot 工程项目，此后不断添加处理器的支持。

2.u-boot的下载地址

官网上下载u-boot，下载链接：http://ftp.denx.de/pub/u-boot/
2010.09下载地址：http://ftp.denx.de/pub/u-boot/u-boot-2010.09.tar.bz2

[klaus@localhost ~]$ mkdir u-boot
[klaus@localhost ~]$ ls
crosstool  Desktop  Documents  Downloads  fl2440  Music  Pictures  Public  Templates  u-boot  Videos
[klaus@localhost ~]$ cd u-boot/
[klaus@localhost u-boot]$ wget http://ftp.denx.de/pub/u-boot/u-boot-2010.09.tar.bz2
--2018-03-16 13:58:36--  http://ftp.denx.de/pub/u-boot/u-boot-2010.09.tar.bz2
Resolving ftp.denx.de... 81.169.202.6
Connecting to ftp.denx.de|81.169.202.6|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 8233711 (7.9M) [application/x-bzip2]
Saving to: “u-boot-2010.09.tar.bz2”

100%[===========================================================================================>] 8,233,711   33.9K/s   in 3m 29s  

2018-03-16 14:02:08 (38.4 KB/s) - “u-boot-2010.09.tar.bz2” saved [8233711/8233711]

[klaus@localhost u-boot]$ tar -xjf u-boot-2010.09.tar.bz2
[klaus@localhost u-boot]$ ls
u-boot-2010.09  u-boot-2010.09.tar.bz2
[klaus@localhost u-boot]$

3.打补丁

官网上下载的是没有修改的源码，要改成合适自己单片机使用的相关配置，由于u-boot比较复杂，也不太好修改，我这里直接用郭工给我们的补丁文件进行打补丁。

[klaus@localhost u-boot]$ patch -p0 < u-boot-2010.09-fl2440.patch
patching file u-boot-2010.09/arch/arm/cpu/arm920t/s3c24x0/speed.c
patching file u-boot-2010.09/arch/arm/cpu/arm920t/s3c24x0/timer.c
patching file u-boot-2010.09/arch/arm/cpu/arm920t/start.S
patching file u-boot-2010.09/arch/arm/cpu/arm920t/u-boot.lds
patching file u-boot-2010.09/arch/arm/include/asm/arch-s3c24x0/s3c24x0_cpu.h
patching file u-boot-2010.09/arch/arm/include/asm/arch-s3c24x0/s3c24x0.h
patching file u-boot-2010.09/board/lingyun/fl2440/config.mk
patching file u-boot-2010.09/board/lingyun/fl2440/fl2440.c
patching file u-boot-2010.09/board/lingyun/fl2440/flash.c
patching file u-boot-2010.09/board/lingyun/fl2440/lowlevel_init.S
patching file u-boot-2010.09/board/lingyun/fl2440/Makefile
patching file u-boot-2010.09/board/lingyun/fl2440/nand_read.c
patching file u-boot-2010.09/boards.cfg
patching file u-boot-2010.09/common/cmd_nand.c
patching file u-boot-2010.09/common/env_common.c
patching file u-boot-2010.09/common/serial.c
patching file u-boot-2010.09/drivers/mtd/nand/s3c2410_nand.c
patching file u-boot-2010.09/drivers/net/dm9000x.c
patching file u-boot-2010.09/include/configs/fl2440.h
patching file u-boot-2010.09/include/serial.h
patching file u-boot-2010.09/Makefile
[klaus@localhost u-boot]$ cd u-boot-2010.09
[klaus@localhost u-boot-2010.09]$ make fl2440_config

4.文件生成

1）u-boot-s3c2440.bin文件生成

u-boot.map -o u-boot
/opt/buildroot-2012.08/arm920t/usr/bin/arm-linux-objcopy -O srec u-boot u-boot.srec
/opt/buildroot-2012.08/arm920t/usr/bin/arm-linux-objcopy --gap-fill=0xff -O binary u-boot u-boot.bin
mv u-boot.bin u-boot-s3c2440.bin
[klaus@localhost u-boot-2010.09]$ ls
api    boards.cfg  COPYING  doc       fs       MAINTAINERS  mkconfig  onenand_ipl  rules.mk         tools       u-boot.map
arch   common      CREDITS  drivers   include  MAKEALL      nand_spl  post         snapshot.commit  u-boot      u-boot-s3c2440.bin
board  config.mk   disk     examples  lib      Makefile     net       README       System.map       u-boot.lds  u-boot.srec
[klaus@localhost u-boot-2010.09]$

2）将tools/mkimage拷贝成命令

[klaus@localhost u-boot-2010.09]$ ls tools/m
md5.o            mingw_support.h  mkimage.c        mkimage.o        
mingw_support.c  mkimage          mkimage.h        mpc86x_clk.c     
[klaus@localhost u-boot-2010.09]$ ls tools/mkimage
开发板上电操作显示文件--->mkimage
[klaus@localhost u-boot-2010.09]$ sudo cp tools/mkimage /usr/bin/
[sudo] password for klaus:
[klaus@localhost u-boot-2010.09]$

.bin文件生成后就可以参照上篇博客，将文件烧录进去，上篇博客的链接在这里。

关于补丁的制作与理解
1.生成打补丁文件
执行 patch -p0 < u-boot-2010.09-fl2440.patch命令后，生成的文件就是执行后的文件，我们可以使用diff命令查看两者之间的区别

[klaus@localhost u-boot]$ ls
u-boot-2010.09  u-boot-2010.09-fl2440.patch  u-boot-2010.09.tar.bz2
[klaus@localhost u-boot]$ mv u-boot-2010.09 u-boot-2010.09-fl2440
[klaus@localhost u-boot]$ ls
u-boot-2010.09-fl2440  u-boot-2010.09-fl2440.patch  u-boot-2010.09.tar.bz2
[klaus@localhost u-boot]$ tar -jxf u-boot-2010.09
u-boot-2010.09-fl2440/       u-boot-2010.09-fl2440.patch  u-boot-2010.09.tar.bz2       
[klaus@localhost u-boot]$ tar -jxf u-boot-2010.09.tar.bz2
[klaus@localhost u-boot]$ ls
u-boot-2010.09  u-boot-2010.09-fl2440  u-boot-2010.09-fl2440.patch  u-boot-2010.09.tar.bz2
[klaus@localhost u-boot]$ diff -Nuar u-boot-2010.09 u-boot-2010.09-fl2440

2.反向打补丁
如果有补丁文件和打补丁过后的文件，我们可以恢复原码，当然了解一下就行。

[klaus@localhost u-boot]$ ls
u-boot-2010.09-fl2440  u-boot-2010.09-fl2440.patch  
[klaus@localhost u-boot]$ cd u-boot-2010.09-fl2440
[klaus@localhost u-boot]$ patch -R -p1 < ../u-boot-2010.09-fl2440.patch