5.Android Service

上次介绍了Activity以及Intent的使用，这次就介绍Android Service，如果把Activity比喻为前台程序，那么Service就是后台程序，Service的整个生命周期都只会在后台执行。Service跟Activity一样也由Intent调用。在工程里想要添加一个Service，先新建继承Service的类，然后到AndroidManifest.xml -> Application ->Application Nodes中的Service标签中添加。

Service要由Activity通过startService 或者 bindService来启动，Intent负责传递参数。先贴出本应用运行截图：

本文主要讲解Service的调用，以及其生命周期。

下图是startService之后再stopService的Service状态变化。

下图是bindService之后再unbindService的Service状态变化。

startService与bindService都可以启动Service，那么它们之间有什么区别呢？它们两者的区别就是使Service的周期改变。由startService启动的Service必须要有stopService来结束Service，不调用stopService则会造成Activity结束了而Service还运行着。bindService启动的Service可以由unbindService来结束，也可以在Activity结束之后(onDestroy)自动结束。

下图是startService之后再Activity.finish()的Service状态变化，Service还在跑着。

下图是bindService之后再Activity.finish()的Service状态变化，Service最后自动unbindService。

main.xml代码

?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36

<? xml  version = "1.0"  encoding = "utf-8" ?> < LinearLayout  xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"      android:orientation = "vertical"      android:layout_width = "fill_parent"      android:layout_height = "fill_parent" >      < Button          android:id = "@+id/btnStartMyService"          android:layout_width = "wrap_content"          android:layout_height = "wrap_content"          android:text = "StartMyService"          />      < Button          android:id = "@+id/btnStopMyService"          android:layout_width = "wrap_content"          android:layout_height = "wrap_content"          android:text = "StopMyService"          />      < Button          android:id = "@+id/btnBindMyService"          android:layout_width = "wrap_content"          android:layout_height = "wrap_content"          android:text = "BindMyService"          />      < Button          android:id = "@+id/btnUnbindMyService"          android:layout_width = "wrap_content"          android:layout_height = "wrap_content"          android:text = "UnbindMyService"          />      < Button          android:id = "@+id/btnExit"          android:layout_width = "wrap_content"          android:layout_height = "wrap_content"          android:text = "退出程序"          /> </ LinearLayout >

testService.java的源码

?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79

package  com.testService;   import  android.app.Activity; import  android.app.Service; import  android.content.ComponentName; import  android.content.Intent; import  android.content.ServiceConnection; import  android.os.Bundle; import  android.os.IBinder; import  android.util.Log; import  android.view.View; import  android.widget.Button;   public  class  testService  extends  Activity {      Button btnStartMyService, btnStopMyService, btnBindMyService,              btnUnbindMyService, btnExit;        @Override      public  void  onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {          super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);          setContentView(R.layout.main);          btnStartMyService = (Button) this .findViewById(R.id.btnStartMyService);          btnStartMyService.setOnClickListener( new  ClickEvent());            btnStopMyService = (Button)  this .findViewById(R.id.btnStopMyService);          btnStopMyService.setOnClickListener( new  ClickEvent());            btnBindMyService = (Button)  this .findViewById(R.id.btnBindMyService);          btnBindMyService.setOnClickListener( new  ClickEvent());            btnUnbindMyService = (Button)  this                  .findViewById(R.id.btnUnbindMyService);          btnUnbindMyService.setOnClickListener( new  ClickEvent());            btnExit = (Button)  this .findViewById(R.id.btnExit);          btnExit.setOnClickListener( new  ClickEvent());      }        @Override      public  void  onDestroy() {          super .onDestroy();          Log.e( "Activity" ,  "onDestroy" );      }        private  ServiceConnection _connection =  new  ServiceConnection() {          @Override          public  void  onServiceConnected(ComponentName arg0, IBinder arg1) {              // TODO Auto-generated method stub          }            @Override          public  void  onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {              // TODO Auto-generated method stub          }      };        class  ClickEvent  implements  View.OnClickListener {            @Override          public  void  onClick(View v) {              Intent intent =  new  Intent(testService. this , MyService. class );              if  (v == btnStartMyService) {                  testService. this .startService(intent);              }  else  if  (v == btnStopMyService) {                  testService. this .stopService(intent);              }  else  if  (v == btnBindMyService) {                  testService. this .bindService(intent, _connection,                          Service.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);              }  else  if  (v == btnUnbindMyService) {                  if  (MyService.ServiceState ==  "onBind" ) // Service绑定了之后才能解绑                      testService. this .unbindService(_connection);              }  else  if  (v == btnExit) {                  testService. this .finish();              }            }        } }

MyService.java的源码

?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48

package  com.testService;   import  android.app.Service; import  android.content.Intent; import  android.os.IBinder; import  android.util.Log;   public  class  MyService  extends  Service {      static  public  String ServiceState =  "" ;        @Override      public  IBinder onBind(Intent arg0) {          Log.e( "Service" ,  "onBind" );          ServiceState =  "onBind" ;          return  null ;      }        @Override      public  boolean  onUnbind(Intent intent) {          super .onUnbind(intent);          Log.e( "Service" ,  "onUnbind" );          ServiceState =  "onUnbind" ;          return  false ;        }        @Override      public  void  onCreate() {          super .onCreate();          Log.e( "Service" ,  "onCreate" );          ServiceState =  "onCreate" ;      }        @Override      public  void  onDestroy() {          super .onDestroy();          Log.e( "Service" ,  "onDestroy" );          ServiceState =  "onDestroy" ;      }        @Override      public  void  onStart(Intent intent,  int  startid) {          super .onStart(intent, startid);          Log.e( "Service" ,  "onStart" );          ServiceState =  "onStart" ;      }   }