HDU 5543 （DP）

The story happened long long ago. One day, Cao Cao made a special order called "Chicken Rib" to his army. No one got his point and all became very panic. However, Cao Cao himself felt very proud of his interesting idea and enjoyed it. 

Xiu Yang, one of the cleverest counselors of Cao Cao, understood the command Rather than keep it to himself, he told the point to the whole army. Cao Cao got very angry at his cleverness and would like to punish Xiu Yang. But how can you punish someone because he's clever? By looking at the chicken rib, he finally got a new idea to punish Xiu Yang. 

He told Xiu Yang that as his reward of encrypting the special order, he could take as many gold sticks as possible from his desk. But he could only use one stick as the container. 

Formally, we can treat the container stick as an  L L length segment. And the gold sticks as segments too. There were many gold sticks with different length  ai ai and value  vi vi. Xiu Yang needed to put these gold segments onto the container segment. No gold segment was allowed to be overlapped. Luckily, Xiu Yang came up with a good idea. On the two sides of the container, he could make part of the gold sticks outside the container as long as the center of the gravity of each gold stick was still within the container. This could help him get more valuable gold sticks. 

As a result, Xiu Yang took too many gold sticks which made Cao Cao much more angry. Cao Cao killed Xiu Yang before he made himself home. So no one knows how many gold sticks Xiu Yang made it in the container. 

Can you help solve the mystery by finding out what's the maximum value of the gold sticks Xiu Yang could have taken?

Input

The first line of the input gives the number of test cases,  T(1≤T≤100) T(1≤T≤100).  T T test cases follow. Each test case start with two integers,  N(1≤N≤1000) N(1≤N≤1000) and  L(1≤L≤2000) L(1≤L≤2000), represents the number of gold sticks and the length of the container stick.  N N lines follow. Each line consist of two integers,  ai(1≤ai≤2000) ai(1≤ai≤2000)and  vi(1≤vi≤109) vi(1≤vi≤109), represents the length and the value of the  ith ith gold stick.

Output

For each test case, output one line containing  Case #x: y, where  x x is the test case number (starting from 1) and  y y is the maximum value of the gold sticks Xiu Yang could have taken.

Sample Input

4

3 7
4 1
2 1
8 1

3 7
4 2
2 1
8 4

3 5
4 1
2 2
8 9

1 1
10 3

Sample Output

Case #1: 2
Case #2: 6
Case #3: 11
Case #4: 3

        
  

Hint

In the third case, assume the container is lay on x-axis from 0 to 5. Xiu Yang could put the second gold stick center at 0 and put the third gold stick center at 5, 
so none of them will drop and he can get total 2+9=11 value. 

In the fourth case, Xiu Yang could just put the only gold stick center on any position of [0,1], and he can get the value of 3.

分析：01背包，只不过多了最多两个物品可以半价加入的情况下，问价值最多。因为有除以2的操作，所以必须把背包容量和物品长度乘上2。

状态： dp【i】【j】【3】，在原有01背包基础上多了一个状态，用来表示有几个物品半价存储的即可，

代码：

#include <cstdio>
#include <algorithm>
#include <string.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <queue>
#include <vector>
#define LL long long
using namespace std;
LL dp[4100][3],v[4100],p[2100];
int main(){
    int t;
    cin>>t;
    int cur=1;
    while(t--){
        int n,m;
        LL maxx=0;
        memset(dp,0,sizeof(dp));
        scanf("%d%d",&n,&m);
        for(int i=0;i<n;i++)scanf("%lld%lld",v+i,p+i),v[i]<<=1,maxx=max(maxx,p[i]);
        for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
            for(int j=m*2;j>=1;j--){
                if(j>=v[i]){
                        dp[j][0]=max(dp[j-v[i]][0]+p[i],dp[j][0]);
                        dp[j][1]=max(dp[j-v[i]][1]+p[i],dp[j][1]);
                        dp[j][2]=max(dp[j-v[i]][2]+p[i],dp[j][2]);
                }
                if(j>=v[i]/2){
                    dp[j][1]=max(dp[j-v[i]/2][0]+p[i],dp[j][1]);
                    dp[j][2]=max(dp[j-v[i]/2][1]+p[i],dp[j][2]);
                }
            }
        }

        printf("Case #%d: %lld\n",cur++,max(maxx,dp[m*2][2]));

    }

}