一文搞懂装饰器

1 最基础的装饰器

def decorator(f):
    def inner():
        print('before')
        res = f()
        print('after')
        return res
    return inner

@decorator
def task1():
    print('执行task1')
    return 'complete'

task1() 
"""
before
执行task1
after
"""

2 带参数的装饰器

def say(sex):
    def wrapper(f):
        def inner():
            print('start')
            f(sex)
            print('stop')
        return inner
    return wrapper

@say('man')
def boy(sex):
    if sex == 'man':
        print('搬砖。。。。')
    else:
        print('躺平。。。。')


@say('women')
def girl(sex):
    if sex == 'man':
        print('搬砖。。。。')
    else:
        print('躺平。。。。')

boy()

girl()

先调用say(‘man’) 返回wrapper函数，然后使用wrapper函数装饰目标函数，比如wrapper(boy)()

带参数装饰器的应用场景:

def route(url):
    def deractor(func):
        url_map[url] = func
        return func
    return deractor

@route('/index')
def index():
    pass


@route('login')
def login():
    pass

print(url_map) 
# {'/index': <function index at 0x000002B23604BA60>, 'login': <function login at 0x000002B23604BAF0>}

3 被装饰函数的函数名

def decorator(f):
    def inner():
        print('before')
        res = f()
        print('after')
        return res
    return inner


@decorator
def task1():
    print('执行task1')


@decorator
def task2():
    print('执行task2')

print(task1.__name__) # inner 
print(task2.__name__) # inner 

3.1 修改方式一：

def decorator(f):
    def inner(*args, **kwargs):
        print('before')
        res = f(*args, **kwargs)
        print('after')
        return res
    inner.__name__ = f.__name__ # 直接修改inner的函数名字为被装饰的函数名即可
    return inner


@decorator
def task1():
    print('执行task1')


@decorator
def task2():
    print('执行task2')

print(task1.__name__)
print(task2.__name__)

3.2 修改方式二：

from functools import wraps 

def decorator(f):
    @wraps(f)
    def inner(*args, **kwargs):
        print('before')
        res = f(*args, **kwargs)
        print('after')
        return res
    return inner


@decorator
def task1():
    print('执行task1')


@decorator
def task2():
    print('执行task2')

print(task1.__name__)
print(task2.__name__)

4 简单的类装饰器

def wrap(obj):
    obj.name = 'python'
    return obj

@wrap
class Foo:
    def __init__(self):
        pass

print(Foo.name) # python

@wrap 等价于 wrap(Foo)