建造者模式

建造者模式的本质：
1.分离了对象子组件的单独构造（由Builder来负责）和装配（由Director负责）。从而可以构造出复杂的对象。这个模式适用于：某个对象的构建过程复杂的情况下使用。
2.由于实现了构建和装配的解耦。不同的构建器，相同的装配，也可以做出不同的对象；相同的构建器，不同的装配顺序也可以做出不同的对象。也就是实现了构建算法与装配算法的解耦，实现了更好的复用。

下面用建造飞船的例子来说明：

1.创建飞船类和对应的模块类

//飞船类
public class AirShip {

    private OrbitalModule orbitalModule;  //轨道舱
    private Engine engine; //发动机
    private EscapeTower escapeTower;  //逃逸塔


    public void launch(){
        System.out.println("发射！");
    }

    public OrbitalModule getOrbitalModule() {
        return orbitalModule;
    }
    public void setOrbitalModule(OrbitalModule orbitalModule) {
        this.orbitalModule = orbitalModule;
    }
    public Engine getEngine() {
        return engine;
    }
    public void setEngine(Engine engine) {
        this.engine = engine;
    }
    public EscapeTower getEscapeTower() {
        return escapeTower;
    }
    public void setEscapeTower(EscapeTower escapeTower) {
        this.escapeTower = escapeTower;
    }



}

//轨道舱类
class OrbitalModule{
    private String name;

    public OrbitalModule(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

}

//发动机类
class Engine {
    private String name;

    public Engine(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }


}


//逃逸塔类
class EscapeTower{
    private String name;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public EscapeTower(String name) {
        super();
        this.name = name;
    }   
}

2.创建Builder接口与其实现类

public interface AirShipBuilder {
    Engine builderEngine();
    OrbitalModule builderOrbitalModule();
    EscapeTower  builderEscapeTower();
}


public class KscAirShipBuilder implements AirShipBuilder {

    @Override
    public Engine builderEngine() {
        System.out.println("构建Ksc牌发动机！");
        return new Engine("Ksc牌发动机！");
    }

    @Override
    public EscapeTower builderEscapeTower() {

        System.out.println("构建Ksc牌逃逸塔");
        return new EscapeTower("Ksc牌逃逸塔");
    }

    @Override
    public OrbitalModule builderOrbitalModule() {
        System.out.println("构建Ksc牌轨道舱");
        return new OrbitalModule("Ksc牌轨道舱");
    }   

}

3.创建Director接口与实现类，负责组装：

public interface AirShipDirector {

    /**
     * 组装飞船对象
     * @return
     */
    AirShip   directAirShip();
}


public class KscAirshipDirector implements AirShipDirector {

    private AirShipBuilder builder;

    public KscAirshipDirector(AirShipBuilder builder) {
        this.builder = builder;
    }


    @Override
    public AirShip directAirShip() {
        Engine e = builder.builderEngine();
        OrbitalModule o = builder.builderOrbitalModule();
        EscapeTower et = builder.builderEscapeTower();

        //装配成飞船对象
        AirShip ship = new AirShip();
        ship.setEngine(e);
        ship.setEscapeTower(et);
        ship.setOrbitalModule(o);

        return ship;
    }

}

4.最后，客户端实现：

public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        AirShipDirector director = new KscAirshipDirector(new KscAirShipBuilder());

        AirShip ship = director.directAirShip();

        System.out.println(ship.getEngine().getName());

        ship.launch();

    }
}