使用HttpURLConnection发送post和get请求

原文链接:http://blog.csdn.net/totogogo/article/details/1831588

 

使用HttpURLConnection发送post和get请求

1、http://blog.csdn.net/pandazxx/archive/2007/06/18/1657109.aspx

2、http://blog.csdn.net/pandazxx/archive/2007/06/20/1660008.aspx

但我们常常会碰到这样一种情况:

通过HttpURLConnection来模拟模拟用户登录Web服务器,服务器使用cookie进行用户认证。在模拟登录时,Post表单数据后可以正确登录(登陆成功时会response一个cookie,然后redirect到main page,不成功则redirect到login page),但是在使用HttpURLConnection再次连接服务器其他页面(或者即使是当前的response里是redirect的page)时,服务器都会认为是全新的一个Session。

解决方法有2步:

1. 调用HttpURLConnection (send post request to login page)的setInstanceFollowRedirects()方法,参数为false (这样不会去获取redirect page)

2. 获取HttpURLConnection send post request to login page的session id,然后在之后每一次的connection里都加上该session id

Example:
    String sessionId = "";  
    public static void sendLoginRequest() throws IOException {
       URL loginUrl = new URL("http://xxx");
       HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) loginUrl.openConnection();
 
 
       // Output to the connection. Default is
       // false, set to true because post
       // method must write something to the
       // connection
       // 设置是否向connection输出,因为这个是post请求,参数要放在
       // http正文内,因此需要设为true
       connection.setDoOutput(true);
       // Read from the connection. Default is true.
       connection.setDoInput(true);
       // Set the post method. Default is GET
       connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
       // Post cannot use caches
       // Post 请求不能使用缓存
       connection.setUseCaches(false);
 
       // This method takes effects to
       // every instances of this class.
       // URLConnection.setFollowRedirects是static函数,作用于所有的URLConnection对象。
       // connection.setFollowRedirects(true);
      
       // This methods only
       // takes effacts to this
       // instance.
       // URLConnection.setInstanceFollowRedirects是成员函数,仅作用于当前函数
       connection.setInstanceFollowRedirects(false);
      
       // Set the content type to urlencoded,
       // because we will write
       // some URL-encoded content to the
       // connection. Settings above must be set before connect!
       // 配置本次连接的Content-type,配置为application/x-www-form-urlencoded的
       // 意思是正文是urlencoded编码过的form参数,下面我们可以看到我们对正文内容使用URLEncoder.encode
       // 进行编码
       connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type",
              "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
       // 连接,从postUrl.openConnection()至此的配置必须要在connect之前完成,
       // 要注意的是connection.getOutputStream会隐含的进行connect。
       connection.connect();
 
       DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(connection
              .getOutputStream());
 
         // 要传的参数
       String content = URLEncoder.encode("username", "UTF-8") + "="
              + URLEncoder.encode("XXX", "UTF-8");
       content += "&" + URLEncoder.encode("password", "UTF-8") + "="
              + URLEncoder.encode("XXXX", "UTF-8");
 
       // DataOutputStream.writeBytes将字符串中的16位的unicode字符以8位的字符形式写道流里面
       out.writeBytes(content);
 
       out.flush();
       out.close(); // flush and close
 
          //Get Session ID
       String key = "";
       if (connection != null) {
           for (int i = 1; (key = connection.getHeaderFieldKey(i)) != null; i++) {
              if (key.equalsIgnoreCase("set-cookie")) {
                  sessionId = connection.getHeaderField(key);
                  sessionId = sessionId.substring(0, sessionId.indexOf(";"));
              }
           }
       }     
       connection.disconnect();
    }
 

 然后之后每一次connection都要加上这个session id:
URL url = new URL("http:......");
HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();
connection.setRequestProperty("Cookie",this.sessionId);
connection.connect();

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下面是使用 Java 代码编写 HttpURLConnection 发送 GET 和 POST 请求的示例: 1. 发送 GET 请求 ```java import java.net.*; import java.io.*; public class HttpGet { public static void main(String[] args) { try { URL url = new URL("http://example.com"); HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); conn.setRequestMethod("GET"); conn.setRequestProperty("Accept", "application/json"); if (conn.getResponseCode() != 200) { throw new RuntimeException("Failed : HTTP error code : " + conn.getResponseCode()); } BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader((conn.getInputStream()))); String output; System.out.println("Output from Server .... \n"); while ((output = br.readLine()) != null) { System.out.println(output); } conn.disconnect(); } catch (MalformedURLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } ``` 2. 发送 POST 请求 ```java import java.net.*; import java.io.*; public class HttpPost { public static void main(String[] args) { try { URL url = new URL("http://example.com"); HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); conn.setRequestMethod("POST"); conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json"); conn.setRequestProperty("Accept", "application/json"); conn.setDoOutput(true); String input = "{\"username\":\"test\",\"password\":\"test\"}"; OutputStream os = conn.getOutputStream(); os.write(input.getBytes()); os.flush(); if (conn.getResponseCode() != HttpURLConnection.HTTP_CREATED) { throw new RuntimeException("Failed : HTTP error code : " + conn.getResponseCode()); } BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader((conn.getInputStream()))); String output; System.out.println("Output from Server .... \n"); while ((output = br.readLine()) != null) { System.out.println(output); } conn.disconnect(); } catch (MalformedURLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } ``` 注意,在发送 POST 请求时需要设置 `Content-Type` 和向输出流中写入请求体。如果需要发送其他类型的请求,可以根据需要修改 `setRequestMethod` 和请求头部。
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