转载地址:http://blog.csdn.net/njuitjf/article/details/40622845
Linux GPIO 的注册与申请
Linux Kernel, GPIO, ARM
在Linux kernel代码中,经常会使用 GPIO 来作为一个特殊的信号,如作为芯片的片选信号等。
GPIO 申请的函数,我们经常用到,如 gpio_request ,那么 GPIO 是何时,以及如何注册的,本文就来探索一下。
基于的平台上 freesccale 的 i.MX6
先从函数 gpio_request 的实现开始。
- /* These "optional" allocation calls help prevent drivers from stomping
- * on each other, and help provide better diagnostics in debugfs.
- * They're called even less than the "set direction" calls.
- */
- int gpio_request(unsigned gpio, const charchar *label)
- {
- struct gpio_desc *desc;
- struct gpio_chip *chip;
- int status = -EINVAL;
- unsigned long flags;
- spin_lock_irqsave(&gpio_lock, flags);
- if (!gpio_is_valid(gpio))
- goto done;
- // 这儿从 gpio_desc 数组中取了一个 gpio_desc 结构体
- // 后面的代码基本上都是基于这个结构体进行的操作
- // 我们是从数组中取了一个 gpio 的描述,这个描述应该是在 gpio 注册的时候添加到这个数组的
- // 以这个数组为线索,看看 gpio 是如何注册的
- desc = &gpio_desc[gpio];
- chip = desc->chip;
- if (chip == NULL)
- goto done;
- if (!try_module_get(chip->owner))
- goto done;
- /* NOTE: gpio_request() can be called in early boot,
- * before IRQs are enabled, for non-sleeping (SOC) GPIOs.
- */
- if (test_and_set_bit(FLAG_REQUESTED, &desc->flags) == 0) {
- desc_set_label(desc, label ? : "?");
- status = 0;
- } else {
- status = -EBUSY;
- module_put(chip->owner);
- goto done;
- }
- if (chip->request) {
- /* chip->request may sleep */
- spin_unlock_irqrestore(&gpio_lock, flags);
- status = chip->request(chip, gpio - chip->base);
- spin_lock_irqsave(&gpio_lock, flags);
- if (status < 0) {
- desc_set_label(desc, NULL);
- module_put(chip->owner);
- clear_bit(FLAG_REQUESTED, &desc->flags);
- }
- }
- done:
- if (status)
- pr_debug("gpio_request: gpio-%d (%s) status %d\n",
- gpio, label ? : "?", status);
- spin_unlock_irqrestore(&gpio_lock, flags);
- return status;
- }
以数组 gpio_desc 为线索。
既然我们申请 GPIO 的时候是从这个数字中取数据,那么注册 GPIO 的时候就应该往这个数字中添加数据了。
反过来,往这个数组添加数据的地方应该也就是注册 GPIO 的地方了。
这个数组定义在 Gpiolib.c 文件中:
- static struct gpio_desc gpio_desc[ARCH_NR_GPIOS];
搜索发现, gpiochip_add 函数中有给数组 gpio_desc 赋值。
看看谁调用了函数 gpiochip_add 。
平台相关目录下的 Gpio.c 文件中的 mxc_gpio_init 函数调用了 gpiochip_add :
- if (!initialed)
- /* its a serious configuration bug when it fails */
- BUG_ON(gpiochip_add(&port[i].chip) < 0);
继续往上找,平台相关目录下的 Devices.c 有如下函数:
- int mx6q_register_gpios(void)
- {
- /* 7 ports for Mx6 */
- return mxc_gpio_init(mxc_gpio_ports, 7);
- }
mxc_gpio_ports 的定义:
- static struct mxc_gpio_port mxc_gpio_ports[] = {
- {
- .chip.label = "gpio-0",
- .base = IO_ADDRESS(GPIO1_BASE_ADDR),
- .irq = MXC_INT_GPIO1_INT15_0_NUM,
- .irq_high = MXC_INT_GPIO1_INT31_16_NUM,
- .virtual_irq_start = MXC_GPIO_IRQ_START
- },
- {
- .chip.label = "gpio-1",
- .base = IO_ADDRESS(GPIO2_BASE_ADDR),
- .irq = MXC_INT_GPIO2_INT15_0_NUM,
- .irq_high = MXC_INT_GPIO2_INT31_16_NUM,
- .virtual_irq_start = MXC_GPIO_IRQ_START + 332 * 1
- },
- {
- .chip.label = "gpio-2",
- .base = IO_ADDRESS(GPIO3_BASE_ADDR),
- .irq = MXC_INT_GPIO3_INT15_0_NUM,
- .irq_high = MXC_INT_GPIO3_INT31_16_NUM,
- .virtual_irq_start = MXC_GPIO_IRQ_START + 332 * 2
- },
- {
- .chip.label = "gpio-3",
- .base = IO_ADDRESS(GPIO4_BASE_ADDR),
- .irq = MXC_INT_GPIO4_INT15_0_NUM,
- .irq_high = MXC_INT_GPIO4_INT31_16_NUM,
- .virtual_irq_start = MXC_GPIO_IRQ_START + 332 * 3
- },
- {
- .chip.label = "gpio-4",
- .base = IO_ADDRESS(GPIO5_BASE_ADDR),
- .irq = MXC_INT_GPIO5_INT15_0_NUM,
- .irq_high = MXC_INT_GPIO5_INT31_16_NUM,
- .virtual_irq_start = MXC_GPIO_IRQ_START + 332 * 4
- },
- {
- .chip.label = "gpio-5",
- .base = IO_ADDRESS(GPIO6_BASE_ADDR),
- .irq = MXC_INT_GPIO6_INT15_0_NUM,
- .irq_high = MXC_INT_GPIO6_INT31_16_NUM,
- .virtual_irq_start = MXC_GPIO_IRQ_START + 332 * 5
- },
- {
- .chip.label = "gpio-6",
- .base = IO_ADDRESS(GPIO7_BASE_ADDR),
- .irq = MXC_INT_GPIO7_INT15_0_NUM,
- .irq_high = MXC_INT_GPIO7_INT31_16_NUM,
- .virtual_irq_start = MXC_GPIO_IRQ_START + 332 * 6
- },
- };
继续往上,找到了同目录下 Irq.c 文件中的 mx6_init_irq 函数调用了 mx6q_register_gpios 。
board.c 文件中将 mx6_init_irq 函数赋值给了 machine_desc 结构体的 init_irq 函数:
- MACHINE_START(MX6XXXX, "Freescale i.MX 6 Board")
- .boot_params = MX6_PHYS_OFFSET + 0x100,
- .fixup = fixup_mxc_board,
- .map_io = mx6_map_io,
- .init_irq = mx6_init_irq,
- .init_machine = mx6_board_init,
- .timer = &mxc_timer,
- .reserve = mx6q_reserve,
- MACHINE_END
arch/arm/kernel/irq.c 文件中有以下函数:
- void __init init_IRQ(void)
- {
- machine_desc->init_irq();
- }
init/main.c 文件中的 start_kernel 函数调用了 init_IRQ 。
至于 start_kernel 函数何时被调用,有时间再作研究。
总结一下 GPIO 的注册过程:
start_kernel 函数会调用 init_IRQ 函数。
init_IRQ 函数调用了 machine_desc 结构体的 init_irq 函数。
machine_desc 结构体在 board.c 文件中定义,其中 init_irq 被赋值为 mx6_init_irq 。
mx6_init_irq 函数中调用了 mx6q_register_gpios 函数。
mx6q_register_gpios 函数的定义见前文,其中调用了函数 mxc_gpio_init 。
函数 mxc_gpio_init 的实现:
- int mxc_gpio_init(struct mxc_gpio_port *port, int cnt)
- {
- int i, j;
- static bool initialed;
- /* save for local usage */
- // port 是前面定义的数组 mxc_gpio_ports , cnt 是数组中元素的个数
- mxc_gpio_ports = port;
- gpio_table_size = cnt;
- printk(KERN_INFO "MXC GPIO hardware\n");
- for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
- /* disable the interrupt and clear the status */
- __raw_writel(0, port[i].base + GPIO_IMR);
- __raw_writel(~0, port[i].base + GPIO_ISR);
- for (j = port[i].virtual_irq_start;
- j < port[i].virtual_irq_start + 32; j++) {
- irq_set_lockdep_class(j, &gpio_lock_class);
- /*
- static struct irq_chip gpio_irq_chip = {
- .name = "GPIO",
- .irq_ack = gpio_ack_irq,
- .irq_mask = gpio_mask_irq,
- .irq_unmask = gpio_unmask_irq,
- .irq_set_type = gpio_set_irq_type,
- .irq_set_wake = gpio_set_wake_irq,
- };
- */
- /**
- * handle_level_irq - Level type irq handler
- * @irq: the interrupt number
- * @desc: the interrupt description structure for this irq
- *
- * Level type interrupts are active as long as the hardware line has
- * the active level. This may require to mask the interrupt and unmask
- * it after the associated handler has acknowledged the device, so the
- * interrupt line is back to inactive.
- */
- irq_set_chip_and_handler(j, &gpio_irq_chip,
- handle_level_irq);
- set_irq_flags(j, IRQF_VALID);
- }
- /* register gpio chip */
- // mxc_gpio_direction_input 将对应 gpio 设置为输入, mxc_gpio_direction_output 将对应 gpio 设置为输出,并会设置一个初始值
- // 这儿的输入/输出是对 cpu 来说的
- port[i].chip.direction_input = mxc_gpio_direction_input;
- port[i].chip.direction_output = mxc_gpio_direction_output;
- // 获取/设置 gpio 状态
- port[i].chip.get = mxc_gpio_get;
- port[i].chip.set = mxc_gpio_set;
- port[i].chip.base = i * 32;
- port[i].chip.ngpio = 32;
- spin_lock_init(&port[i].lock);
- if (!initialed)
- /* its a serious configuration bug when it fails */
- // 添加 gpio chip , 调用的是我们前面用到的一个线索函数, 该函数中有给 gpio_desc 数组赋值
- BUG_ON(gpiochip_add(&port[i].chip) < 0);
- if (cpu_is_mx1() || cpu_is_mx3() || cpu_is_mx25() ||
- cpu_is_mx51() || cpu_is_mx53() || cpu_is_mx6q() ||
- cpu_is_mx6dl() || cpu_is_mx6sl()) {
- /* setup one handler for each entry */
- irq_set_chained_handler(port[i].irq,
- mx3_gpio_irq_handler);
- irq_set_handler_data(port[i].irq, &port[i]);
- if (port[i].irq_high) {
- /* setup handler for GPIO 16 to 31 */
- irq_set_chained_handler(port[i].irq_high,
- mx3_gpio_irq_handler);
- irq_set_handler_data(port[i].irq_high,
- &port[i]);
- }
- }
- }
- initialed = true;
- if (cpu_is_mx2()) {
- /* setup one handler for all GPIO interrupts */
- irq_set_chained_handler(port[0].irq, mx2_gpio_irq_handler);
- irq_set_handler_data(port[0].irq, port);
- }
- return 0;
- }
gpiochip_add 函数的实现:
- /**
- * gpiochip_add() - register a gpio_chip
- * @chip: the chip to register, with chip->base initialized
- * Context: potentially before irqs or kmalloc will work
- *
- * Returns a negative errno if the chip can't be registered, such as
- * because the chip->base is invalid or already associated with a
- * different chip. Otherwise it returns zero as a success code.
- *
- * When gpiochip_add() is called very early during boot, so that GPIOs
- * can be freely used, the chip->dev device must be registered before
- * the gpio framework's arch_initcall(). Otherwise sysfs initialization
- * for GPIOs will fail rudely.
- *
- * If chip->base is negative, this requests dynamic assignment of
- * a range of valid GPIOs.
- */
- int gpiochip_add(struct gpio_chip *chip)
- {
- unsigned long flags;
- int status = 0;
- unsigned id;
- int base = chip->base;
- if ((!gpio_is_valid(base) || !gpio_is_valid(base + chip->ngpio - 1))
- && base >= 0) {
- status = -EINVAL;
- goto fail;
- }
- spin_lock_irqsave(&gpio_lock, flags);
- if (base < 0) {
- base = gpiochip_find_base(chip->ngpio);
- if (base < 0) {
- status = base;
- goto unlock;
- }
- chip->base = base;
- }
- /* these GPIO numbers must not be managed by another gpio_chip */
- for (id = base; id < base + chip->ngpio; id++) {
- if (gpio_desc[id].chip != NULL) {
- status = -EBUSY;
- break;
- }
- }
- if (status == 0) {
- for (id = base; id < base + chip->ngpio; id++) {
- // 发现这儿只是赋值了 gpio_desc 成员的 chip 成员
- gpio_desc[id].chip = chip;
- /* REVISIT: most hardware initializes GPIOs as
- * inputs (often with pullups enabled) so power
- * usage is minimized. Linux code should set the
- * gpio direction first thing; but until it does,
- * we may expose the wrong direction in sysfs.
- */
- gpio_desc[id].flags = !chip->direction_input
- ? (1 << FLAG_IS_OUT)
- : 0;
- }
- }
- of_gpiochip_add(chip);
- unlock:
- spin_unlock_irqrestore(&gpio_lock, flags);
- if (status)
- goto fail;
- // 创建设备, 并添加对应的 sysfs
- status = gpiochip_export(chip);
- if (status)
- goto fail;
- return 0;
- fail:
- /* failures here can mean systems won't boot... */
- pr_err("gpiochip_add: gpios %d..%d (%s) failed to register\n",
- chip->base, chip->base + chip->ngpio - 1,
- chip->label ? : "generic");
- return status;
- }
gpio_desc 结构体的定义:
- struct gpio_desc {
- struct gpio_chip *chip;
- unsigned long flags;
- /* flag symbols are bit numbers */
- #define FLAG_REQUESTED 0
- #define FLAG_IS_OUT 1
- #define FLAG_RESERVED 2
- #define FLAG_EXPORT 3 /* protected by sysfs_lock */
- #define FLAG_SYSFS 4 /* exported via /sys/class/gpio/control */
- #define FLAG_TRIG_FALL 5 /* trigger on falling edge */
- #define FLAG_TRIG_RISE 6 /* trigger on rising edge */
- #define FLAG_ACTIVE_LOW 7 /* sysfs value has active low */
- #define ID_SHIFT 16 /* add new flags before this one */
- #define GPIO_FLAGS_MASK ((1 << ID_SHIFT) - 1)
- #define GPIO_TRIGGER_MASK (BIT(FLAG_TRIG_FALL) | BIT(FLAG_TRIG_RISE))
- #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_FS
- const char *label;
- #endif
- };