#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
/***************多态起作用的地方****
1)通过指针调用虚函数
2)通过引用调用虚函数
3)通过非静态成员函数,调用虚函数,下面用例就是为了验证这个,在成员函数中有一个this指针。
****************/
class A{
public:
A(int a):a(a)
{
cout << "constructor A:" << a << endl;
test1();
test2();
}
void test1()
{
cout << "Class A:" << a << endl;
}
virtual void test2()
{
cout << "Class A virtual:" << a << endl;
}
void test3()
{
cout << "Class A test3" << endl;
test2();
}
protected :
int a;
};
class B:public A{
public:
B(int a):A(a)
{
cout << "constructor B:" << a << endl;
test1();
test2();
}
void test1()//隐藏
{
cout << "Class B:" << a << endl;
}
virtual void test2()//覆盖override
{
cout << "Class B virtual:" << a << endl;
}
//void test3()
//{
//cout << "Class B test3" << endl;
//test2();
//}
};
int main(int argc,char **argv)
{
cout << "---------0--------" << endl;
A a(10);
cout << "---------1--------" << endl;
B b(20);
cout << "---------2--------" << endl;
a.test3();
b.test3();
return 0;
}
输出结果:
--------0--------
constructor A:10
Class A:10
Class A virtual:10
---------1--------
constructor A:20
Class A:20
Class A virtual:20
constructor B:20
Class B:20
Class B virtual:20
---------2--------
Class A test3
Class A virtual:10
Class A test3
Class B virtual:20
总结:只有指针或者引用访问虚函数才会产生多态,而且我们调用delete时,也会调用this指针指向的析构函数,比如如下代码:
class Point{
public:
Point(){
}
~Point(){
std::cout << "executing Point destructor" << std::endl;
}
};
class Circle:public Point{
Circle(){
}
~Circle(){
std::cout << "executing Circle destructor" << std::endl;
}
};
int main(void)
{
Point *p = new Circle();
delete p;
return 0;
}
输出:
executing Point destructor,只调用基类的析构函数,也就是this指针的类型是Point*,
没有发生多态,this就是静态类型。
如果析构函数改为虚函数,则输出:
executing Circle destructor
executing Point destructor
可以认为是一个基类对象的类型调用虚函数(析构函数)发生了多态,静态类型和动态类型不一致了,最终先调用派生类的析构函数。
下面有个更有意思的代码,虽然析构函数不是虚函数,但由于destroy函数是虚函数,发生了多态,在运行时依据动态类型调用,所以此时的this是指向派生类,但具体代码如下:
class Point{
public:
Point(){
}
~Point(){
std::cout << "executing Point destructor" << std::endl;
}
virtual void destory()
{
std::cout << "point delete this" << std::endl;
delete this;//调用对象的析构函数(this->析构函数),然后再释放内存。
}
};
class Circle:public Point{
Circle(){
}
~Circle(){
std::cout << "executing Circle destructor" << std::endl;
}
void destory()
{
std::cout << "Circle delete this" << std::endl;
delete this;
}
};
int main(void)
{
Point *p = new Circle();
p->destroy();
return 0;
}
输出:
Circle delete this
executing Circle destructor
executing Point destructor