你是否有遇过这样的情况:
class Base {
public:
Base(int a) : A(a) {}
virtual ~Base(){}
// print function in Base class
void printA(){ std::cout << A << endl; }
private:
int A;
};
class Derived : public Base {
public:
Derived(int a, int b) : Base(a), B(b) {}
virtual ~Derived(){}
// print function in Derived class
void printB(){ std::cout << B << endl; }
private:
int B;
};
int main()
{
Base* b0;
int a=0, b=1;
b0 = new Derived(a,b);
b0->printA();
b0->printB();
return 0;
}
在执行到b0->printB();的时候,compiler会出现以下错误:
1. static_cast<>
这种时候就改用:
static_cast<Derived*>(b0)->printB();
就可以使用了。
!!!注意!!!
Base class pointer无法存取Derived class member是正常的。任意存取Derived class member其实是非常危险的,Base class pointer不应该知道自己new了什么样的derived class。除非你真的知道你在干嘛,否则就请乖乖写virtual function并用override(c++11)方式实作这些功能。
2.虚函数
在class Base里面加上:
class Base {
public:
Base(int a) : A(a) {}
virtual ~Base(){}
// print function in Base class
void printA(){ std::cout << A << endl; }
virtual printB(){} // virtual function to be override
// virtual printB() = 0; // = 0: pure virtual function, must be override
private:
int A;
};
而在class Derived 里面加上override保险:
class Derived : public Base {
public:
Derived(int a, int b) : Base(a), B(b) {}
virtual ~Derived(){}
// print function in Derived class // override
void printB() override { std::cout << B << endl; }
private:
int B;
};
这样就不会有compile error了。