Hadoop之——基于MR程序实现倒排索引

转载请注明出处：http://blog.csdn.net/l1028386804/article/details/78239792

相信接触过搜索引擎开发的同学对倒排索引并不陌生，谷歌、百度等搜索引擎都是用的倒排索引，关于倒排索引的有关知识，这里就不再深入讲解，有兴趣的同学到网上了解一下。这篇博文就带着大家一起学习下如何利用Hadoop的MR程序来实现倒排索引的功能。

一、数据准备

1、输入文件数据

这里我们准备三个输入文件，分别如下所示

a.txt

hello tom
hello jerry
hello tom

b.txt

hello jerry
hello jerry
tom jerry

c.txt

hello jerry
hello tom

2、最终输出文件数据

最终输出文件的结果为：

hello	c.txt-->2 b.txt-->2 a.txt-->3 
jerry	c.txt-->1 b.txt-->3 a.txt-->1 
tom	c.txt-->1 b.txt-->1 a.txt-->2 

二、倒排索引过程分析

根据输入文件数据和最终的输出文件结果可知，此程序需要利用两个MR实现，具体流程可总结归纳如下：

-------------第一步Mapper的输出结果格式如下：--------------------
context.wirte("hello->a.txt", "1")
context.wirte("hello->a.txt", "1")
context.wirte("hello->a.txt", "1")
context.wirte("hello->b.txt", "1")
context.wirte("hello->b.txt", "1")
context.wirte("hello->c.txt", "1")
context.wirte("hello->c.txt", "1")

-------------第一步Reducer的得到的输入数据格式如下：-------------
<"hello->a.txt", {1,1,1}>
<"hello->b.txt", {1,1}>
<"hello->c.txt", {1,1}>

-------------第一步Reducer的输出数据格式如下---------------------
context.write("hello->a.txt", "3")
context.write("hello->b.txt", "2")
context.write("hello->c.txt", "2")

-------------第二步Mapper得到的输入数据格式如下：-----------------
context.write("hello->a.txt", "3")
context.write("hello->b.txt", "2")
context.write("hello->c.txt", "2")

-------------第二步Mapper输出的数据格式如下：--------------------
context.write("hello", "a.txt->3")
context.write("hello", "b.txt->2")
context.write("hello", "c.txt->2")

-------------第二步Reducer得到的输入数据格式如下：-----------------
<"hello", {"a.txt->3", "b.txt->2", "c.txt->2"}>

-------------第二步Reducer输出的数据格式如下：-----------------
context.write("hello", "a.txt->3 b.txt->2 c.txt->2")

最终结果为：
hello	a.txt->3 b.txt->2 c.txt->2 

三、程序开发

3.1、第一步MR程序与输入输出

package com.lyz.hdfs.mr.ii;

import java.io.IOException;

import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileSplit;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;

/**
 * 倒排索引第一步Map Reduce程序,此处程序将所有的Map/Reduce/Runner程序放在一个类中
 * @author liuyazhuang
 *
 */
public class InverseIndexStepOne {
	
	/**
	 * 完成倒排索引第一步的mapper程序
	 * @author liuyazhuang
	 *
	 */
	public static class StepOneMapper extends Mapper<LongWritable, Text, Text, LongWritable>{
		@Override
		protected void map(LongWritable key, Text value, Mapper<LongWritable, Text, Text, LongWritable>.Context context)
				throws IOException, InterruptedException {
			//获取一行数据
			String line = value.toString();
			//切分出每个单词
			String[] fields = StringUtils.split(line, " ");
			//获取数据的切片信息
			FileSplit fileSplit = (FileSplit) context.getInputSplit();
			//根据切片信息获取文件名称
			String fileName = fileSplit.getPath().getName();
			
			for(String field : fields){
				context.write(new Text(field + "-->" + fileName), new LongWritable(1));
			}
		}
	}
	
	/**
	 * 完成倒排索引第一步的Reducer程序
	 * 最终输出结果为：
	 * 	hello-->a.txt	3
		hello-->b.txt	2
		hello-->c.txt	2
		jerry-->a.txt	1
		jerry-->b.txt	3
		jerry-->c.txt	1
		tom-->a.txt	2
		tom-->b.txt	1
		tom-->c.txt	1
	 * @author liuyazhuang
	 *
	 */
	public static class StepOneReducer extends Reducer<Text, LongWritable, Text, LongWritable>{
		@Override
		protected void reduce(Text key, Iterable<LongWritable> values,
				Reducer<Text, LongWritable, Text, LongWritable>.Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
			long counter = 0;
			for(LongWritable value : values){
				counter += value.get();
			}
			context.write(key, new LongWritable(counter));
		}
	}
	
	//运行第一步的MR程序
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
		Configuration conf = new Configuration();
		Job job = Job.getInstance(conf);
		
		job.setJarByClass(InverseIndexStepOne.class);
		
		job.setMapperClass(StepOneMapper.class);
		job.setReducerClass(StepOneReducer.class);
		
		job.setMapOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
		job.setMapOutputValueClass(LongWritable.class);
		
		job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
		job.setOutputValueClass(LongWritable.class);
		
		FileInputFormat.addInputPath(job, new Path("D:/hadoop_data/ii"));
		FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path("D:/hadoop_data/ii/result"));
		
		job.waitForCompletion(true);
	}
}

3.1.1 输入数据

a.txt

hello tom
hello jerry
hello tom

b.txt

hello jerry
hello jerry
tom jerry

c.txt

hello jerry
hello tom

3.1.2

输出结果：

hello-->a.txt	3
hello-->b.txt	2
hello-->c.txt	2
jerry-->a.txt	1
jerry-->b.txt	3
jerry-->c.txt	1
tom-->a.txt	2
tom-->b.txt	1
tom-->c.txt	1

3.2 第二步MR程序与输入输出

package com.lyz.hdfs.mr.ii;

import java.io.IOException;

import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;

/**
 * 倒排索引第二步Map Reduce程序,此处程序将所有的Map/Reduce/Runner程序放在一个类中
 * @author liuyazhuang
 *
 */
public class InverseIndexStepTwo {
	/**
	 * 完成倒排索引第二步的mapper程序
	 * 
	 * 从第一步MR程序中得到的输入信息为：
	 *  hello-->a.txt	3
		hello-->b.txt	2
		hello-->c.txt	2
		jerry-->a.txt	1
		jerry-->b.txt	3
		jerry-->c.txt	1
		tom-->a.txt	2
		tom-->b.txt	1
		tom-->c.txt	1
	 * @author liuyazhuang
	 *
	 */
	public static class StepTwoMapper extends Mapper<LongWritable, Text, Text, Text>{
		@Override
		protected void map(LongWritable key, Text value, Mapper<LongWritable, Text, Text, Text>.Context context)
				throws IOException, InterruptedException {
			String line = value.toString();
			String[] fields = StringUtils.split(line, "\t");
			String[] wordAndFileName = StringUtils.split(fields[0], "-->");
			String word = wordAndFileName[0];
			String fileName = wordAndFileName[1];
			long counter = Long.parseLong(fields[1]);
			
			context.write(new Text(word), new Text(fileName + "-->" + counter));
		}
	}
	/**
	 * 完成倒排索引第二步的Reducer程序
	 * 得到的输入信息格式为:
	 * <"hello", {"a.txt->3", "b.txt->2", "c.txt->2"}>,
	 * 最终输出结果如下：
	 *  hello	c.txt-->2 b.txt-->2 a.txt-->3 
		jerry	c.txt-->1 b.txt-->3 a.txt-->1 
		tom	c.txt-->1 b.txt-->1 a.txt-->2 
	 * @author liuyazhuang
	 *
	 */
	public static class StepTwoReducer extends Reducer<Text, Text, Text, Text>{
		@Override
		protected void reduce(Text key, Iterable<Text> values, Reducer<Text, Text, Text, Text>.Context context)
				throws IOException, InterruptedException {
			String result = "";
			for(Text value : values){
				result += value + " ";
			}
			context.write(key, new Text(result));
		}
	}
	
	//运行第一步的MR程序
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
		Configuration conf = new Configuration();
		Job job = Job.getInstance(conf);
		
		job.setJarByClass(InverseIndexStepTwo.class);
		
		job.setMapperClass(StepTwoMapper.class);
		job.setReducerClass(StepTwoReducer.class);
		
		job.setMapOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
		job.setMapOutputValueClass(Text.class);
		
		job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
		job.setOutputValueClass(Text.class);
		
		FileInputFormat.addInputPath(job, new Path("D:/hadoop_data/ii/result/part-r-00000"));
		FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path("D:/hadoop_data/ii/result/final"));
		
		job.waitForCompletion(true);
	}
}

3.2.1 输入数据

hello-->a.txt	3
hello-->b.txt	2
hello-->c.txt	2
jerry-->a.txt	1
jerry-->b.txt	3
jerry-->c.txt	1
tom-->a.txt	2
tom-->b.txt	1
tom-->c.txt	1

3.2.2  输出结果

hello	c.txt-->2 b.txt-->2 a.txt-->3 
jerry	c.txt-->1 b.txt-->3 a.txt-->1 
tom	c.txt-->1 b.txt-->1 a.txt-->2