Python知识点梳理

1. set和frozenset的区别。
   set是mutable的，所以set不能被hash，无法当作dict的key。
   frozenset是immutable的，创建后不能修改，可以被hash，可以当作dict的key。
2. BaseException是所有异常的基类，但是不建议用户直接继承BaseException定义自己的异常。继承Exception或者它的子类，来创建自定义异常。
3. 异常家谱树
   BaseException
   ±- SystemExit
   ±- KeyboardInterrupt
   ±- GeneratorExit
   ±- Exception
   ±- StopIteration
   ±- StopAsyncIteration
   ±- ArithmeticError
   | ±- FloatingPointError
   | ±- OverflowError
   | ±- ZeroDivisionError
   ±- AssertionError
   ±- AttributeError
   ±- BufferError
   ±- EOFError
   ±- ImportError
   | ±- ModuleNotFoundError
   ±- LookupError
   | ±- IndexError
   | ±- KeyError
   ±- MemoryError
   ±- NameError
   | ±- UnboundLocalError
   ±- OSError
   | ±- BlockingIOError
   | ±- ChildProcessError
   | ±- ConnectionError
   | | ±- BrokenPipeError
   | | ±- ConnectionAbortedError
   | | ±- ConnectionRefusedError
   | | ±- ConnectionResetError
   | ±- FileExistsError
   | ±- FileNotFoundError
   | ±- InterruptedError
   | ±- IsADirectoryError
   | ±- NotADirectoryError
   | ±- PermissionError
   | ±- ProcessLookupError
   | ±- TimeoutError
   ±- ReferenceError
   ±- RuntimeError
   | ±- NotImplementedError
   | ±- RecursionError
   ±- SyntaxError
   | ±- IndentationError
   | ±- TabError
   ±- SystemError
   ±- TypeError
   ±- ValueError
   | ±- UnicodeError
   | ±- UnicodeDecodeError
   | ±- UnicodeEncodeError
   | ±- UnicodeTranslateError
   ±- Warning
   ±- DeprecationWarning
   ±- PendingDeprecationWarning
   ±- RuntimeWarning
   ±- SyntaxWarning
   ±- UserWarning
   ±- FutureWarning
   ±- ImportWarning
   ±- UnicodeWarning
   ±- BytesWarning
   ±- ResourceWarning