java每日一题——班级学生信息管理模块的开发（面向接口编程的练习）

yojimbo1886

已于 2024-02-01 21:22:33 修改

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文章标签： java 开发语言

于 2024-02-01 21:20:26 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/l822099133/article/details/135981871

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前言：

基于面向对象编程（oop）的基础知识巩固，学会接口使用。打好基础，daydayup!

接口的概念可以看这篇：

java的面向对象编程（oop）——认识接口

需求如下：

思路：

运用面向对象编程：1，创建学生数据；2，输出全班信息和平均成绩；

注意：由于要使用多套方案，所以使用接口来进行编程。

1，创建实体类：

创建一个实体类，用来记录姓名、性别，成绩等学生信息。

public class Student {
    private String name;
    private char sex;
    private double scord;

    public Student(String name, char sex, double scord) {
        this.name = name;
        this.sex = sex;
        this.scord = scord;
    }

    public Student() {
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public char getSex() {
        return sex;
    }

    public void setSex(char sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }

    public double getScord() {
        return scord;
    }

    public void setScord(double scord) {
        this.scord = scord;
    }
}

2，创建班级类：

创建一个集合用来存储学生信息，在people方法里添加学生信息并在构造器中返回people;随后创建两个方法一个用来列出学生信息，一个用来记录平均分。

public class ClassManager {
    private  ArrayList<Student> Students = new ArrayList<>();
 
    public ClassManager(){
     people();
    }
    public void people(){
        Students.add(new Student("lala",'女',100));
        Students.add(new Student("lals",'女',90));
        Students.add(new Student("lald",'男',80));
        Students.add(new Student("lalf",'男',70));
    }

    public void printManager(){
       
    }
    public void printAverage(){
      
    }
}

3，创建接口：

由于需求是要求两种方案，所以使用接口来进行编程

public interface StudentOperator {
     void printManager(ArrayList<Student> Students);

     void printAverage(ArrayList<Student> Students);
}

4，编写方案一：

实现接口，重写两个方法即可

public class StudentOperatorlmpl1 implements StudentOperator{

    @Override
    public void printManager(ArrayList<Student> Students) {
        System.out.println("-----------------");
        for (int i = 0; i < Students.size(); i++) {
           Student s1 = Students.get(i);
            System.out.println("第"+(i+1)+"位的姓名为："+s1.getName()+",性别为"+s1.getSex()+",成绩为"+s1.getScord());

        }
        System.out.println("--------------------------");
    }

    @Override
    public void printAverage(ArrayList<Student> Students) {
      double sc = 0.0;
        for (int i = 0; i < Students.size(); i++) {
            Student s1 = Students.get(i);
            sc += s1.getScord();
        }
        System.out.println("平均分为："+ sc/Students.size());
    }
}

5，编写方案二：

实现接口，在方案1中稍作修改即可

public class StudentOperatorlmpl2 implements StudentOperator{
    @Override
    public void printManager(ArrayList<Student> Students) {
        System.out.println("-----------------");
        double nan = 0.0;
        double nv  = 0.0;
        for (int i = 0; i < Students.size(); i++) {
            Student s1 = Students.get(i);
            System.out.println("第"+(i+1)+"位的姓名为："+s1.getName()+",性别为"+s1.getSex()+",成绩为"+s1.getScord());
            if (Students.get(i).getSex() == '男'){nan ++;}else if (Students.get(i).getSex() == '女'){nv++;}
        }
        System.out.println("男性有"+nan +"人" );
        System.out.println("女性有"+nv +"人" );
        System.out.println("--------------------------");
    }

    @Override
    public void printAverage(ArrayList<Student> Students) {
        double sc = 0.0;
        double max = Students.get(0).getScord();
        double min = Students.get(0).getScord();
        for (int i = 0; i < Students.size(); i++) {
            Student s1 = Students.get(i);
            sc += s1.getScord();
            if (s1.getScord()>max){max = s1.getScord();}
            if (s1.getScord()<min){min = s1.getScord();}

        }
        System.out.println("最大值为"+max);
        System.out.println("最小值为"+min);
        System.out.println("平均分为："+ (sc-max-min)/(Students.size()-2));

    }

}

6，修改班级类：

在类中加入接口对象，并在方法里实现指向。（修改方案只需要把第三行的StudentOperatorlmpl2修改成StudentOperatorlmpl1，便可实现方案转换）

public class ClassManager {
    private  ArrayList<Student> Students = new ArrayList<>();
    private StudentOperator classoperator = new StudentOperatorlmpl2();
    public ClassManager(){
     people();
    }
    public void people(){
        Students.add(new Student("lala",'女',100));
        Students.add(new Student("lals",'女',90));
        Students.add(new Student("lald",'男',80));
        Students.add(new Student("lalf",'男',70));
    }

    public void printManager(){
        classoperator.printManager(Students);
    }
    public void printAverage(){
        classoperator.printAverage(Students);
    }
}