多线程-threading 互斥锁 死锁 ThreadLocal

多线程并发花费时间要短
创建好的线程，需要调用start()启动

import threading
import time
start = time.time()
for i in range(5):
t = threading.Thread(target=prt)
t.start()
end = time.time()
print(end-start)
# print(threading.enumerate()) 	获取线程数

一个进程内的线程直接可以共享全局变量
多个线程同时操作共享变量造成数据混乱

from threading import Thread
import time
num = 0


def fun1():
    global num
    for i in range(1000000):
        num+=1


th = Thread(target=fun1)
th.start()

th2 = Thread(target=fun1)
th2.start()
th.join()
th2.join()
print(num)

互斥锁
就不过多的描述了，就是保证了多线程情况下数据的正确性。
互斥锁为资源引入一个状态：锁定/非锁定。
好处：
确保了某段关键代码只能由一个线程从头到尾完整地执行
坏处：
阻止了多线程并发执行，包含锁的某段代码实际上只能以单线程模式执行， 效率就大大地下降了

from threading import Thread, Lock
import time
num = 0
lock = Lock()


def fun1():
    global num
    for i in range(1000000):
        lock.acquire()
        num+=1
        lock.release()


th = Thread(target=fun1)
th.start()

th2 = Thread(target=fun1)
th2.start()
th.join()
th2.join()
print(num)

死锁

import threading
import time
def fun1():
if mutex1.acquire():
time.sleep(2)
if mutex2.acquire():
print("finish")
def fun2():
if mutex2.acquire():
time.sleep(2)
if mutex1.acquire():
print("finish")
mutex1 = threading.Lock()
mutex2 = threading.Lock()
t1 = threading.Thread(target=fun1)
t2 = threading.Thread(target=fun2)
t1.start()
t2.start()

使用互斥锁完成线程同步
通过多把锁完成控制线程的执行顺序
可以使用互斥锁完成多个任务，有序的进程工作，这就是线程的同步

import threading
mutex1 = threading.Lock()
mutex2 = threading.Lock()
mutex2.acquire()
mutex3 = threading.Lock()
mutex3.acquire()
mutex4 = threading.Lock()
mutex4.acquire()
def fun1():
while True:
if mutex1.acquire():
print("fun1 do")
mutex2.release()
def fun2():
while True:
if mutex2.acquire():
print("fun2 do")
mutex3.release()
def fun3():
while True:
if mutex3.acquire():
print("fun3 do")
mutex4.release()
t1 = threading.Thread(target=fun1)
t2 = threading.Thread(target=fun2)
t3 = threading.Thread(target=fun3)
t1.start()
t2.start()
t3.start()
if mutex4.acquire():
print("finish")

ThreadLocal
一个ThreadLocal变量是全局变量，每个线程都只能读写自己线程的独立副本，互不干扰。ThreadLocal解决了参数在一个
线程中各个函数之间互相传递的问题

import threading
import time
local_var = threading.local()
def fun1():
local_var.stdo1 = 60
print(local_var.stdo1)
def fun2():
local_var.stdo1 = 100
print(local_var.stdo1)
t1 = threading.Thread(target=fun1)
t2 = threading.Thread(target=fun2)
t2.start()
time.sleep(1)
t1.start()

ThreadLocal最常用的地方就是为每个线程绑定一个数据库连接，HTTP请求，用户身份信息等，这样一个线程的所有调用
到的处理函数都可以非常方便地访问这些资源。