SDN-Postman及python编程对流表的操作

于 2020-05-18 17:07:40 发布
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分类专栏： SDN 文章标签： sdn opendaylight postman
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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/lady_killer9/article/details/106193127
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目录

实验环境

实验步骤

Postman查看流表

python代码查看流表

流表分析

Postman查看流表项

Python代码查看流表项

Postman添加流表项

 Python添加流表项

Postman、Python修改流表项

一些postman介绍、基本使用，以及mininet创建拓扑之类的我就不再重复写了。

本文使用拓扑：SDN-Mininet安装使用

实验环境

  • VM14.0
  • Ubuntu 18.04
  • JDK1.8
  • OpenDaylight-Nitro版本
  • Mininet
  • postman

实验步骤

打开opendaylight

使用mininet创建拓扑并连接opendaylight

Postman查看流表

访问网址，http://你的ip:8181/index.html

打开Nodes标签，查看Node Id

opendaylight dlux界面

打开YANG UI标签，opendaylight-inventory rev.2013-08-19->operational->nodes->node{id}->table{id}

打开YANGUI

点击小眼睛获得完整url

完整url显示

复制url，粘贴到postman。选择GET方式，验证方式为Basic Auth，Headers中的Content-Type和Accept填入application/xml（不填的话默认是application/json格式）,账号密码均为admin，填入参数，table的id为0,node的id为之前Node标签看到的。

获得流表

python代码查看流表

import urllib.request
from base64 import encodebytes

ip = "192.168.31.174"
node_id = "openflow:1"
table_id = "0"
username = "admin"
password = "admin"
url = "http://" + ip + ":8181/restconf/operational/opendaylight-inventory:nodes/node/" + node_id + "/flow-node-inventory:table/" + table_id
print(url)
# 添加请求的url
req = urllib.request.Request(url)
# 添加请求方法
req.get_method = lambda: "GET"
# 添加header
b64str = encodebytes(bytes('%s:%s' % (username, password), 'utf-8'))[:-1]
req.add_header("Authorization", "Basic %s" % b64str.decode('utf-8'))
returnData = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
res_json = returnData.read().decode('utf-8')
print(res_json)

 xml形式的流表

<table xmlns="urn:opendaylight:flow:inventory">
    <id>0</id>
    <flow>
        <id>L2switch-2</id>
        <flow-statistics xmlns="urn:opendaylight:flow:statistics">
            <packet-count>1</packet-count>
            <duration>
                <nanosecond>645000000</nanosecond>
                <second>258</second>
            </duration>
            <byte-count>70</byte-count>
        </flow-statistics>
        <priority>2</priority>
        <table_id>0</table_id>
        <hard-timeout>0</hard-timeout>
        <match>
            <in-port>openflow:1:3</in-port>
        </match>
        <cookie>3098476543630901250</cookie>
        <instructions>
            <instruction>
                <order>0</order>
                <apply-actions>
                    <action>
                        <order>0</order>
                        <output-action>
                            <max-length>65535</max-length>
                            <output-node-connector>2</output-node-connector>
                        </output-action>
                    </action>
                    <action>
                        <order>2</order>
                        <output-action>
                            <max-length>65535</max-length>
                            <output-node-connector>CONTROLLER</output-node-connector>
                        </output-action>
                    </action>
                    <action>
                        <order>1</order>
                        <output-action>
                            <max-length>65535</max-length>
                            <output-node-connector>1</output-node-connector>
                        </output-action>
                    </action>
                </apply-actions>
            </instruction>
        </instructions>
        <idle-timeout>0</idle-timeout>
    </flow>
    <flow>
        <id>L2switch-1</id>
        <flow-statistics xmlns="urn:opendaylight:flow:statistics">
            <packet-count>53</packet-count>
            <duration>
                <nanosecond>145000000</nanosecond>
                <second>264</second>
            </duration>
            <byte-count>4505</byte-count>
        </flow-statistics>
        <priority>100</priority>
        <table_id>0</table_id>
        <hard-timeout>0</hard-timeout>
        <match>
            <ethernet-match>
                <ethernet-type>
                    <type>35020</type>
                </ethernet-type>
            </ethernet-match>
        </match>
        <cookie>3098476543630901249</cookie>
        <instructions>
            <instruction>
                <order>0</order>
                <apply-actions>
                    <action>
                        <order>0</order>
                        <output-action>
                            <max-length>65535</max-length>
                            <output-node-connector>CONTROLLER</output-node-connector>
                        </output-action>
                    </action>
                </apply-actions>
            </instruction>
        </instructions>
        <idle-timeout>0</idle-timeout>
    </flow>
    <flow>
        <id>#UF$TABLE*0-2</id>
        <flow-statistics xmlns="urn:opendaylight:flow:statistics">
            <packet-count>0</packet-count>
            <duration>
                <nanosecond>145000000</nanosecond>
                <second>264</second>
            </duration>
            <byte-count>0</byte-count>
        </flow-statistics>
        <priority>0</priority>
        <table_id>0</table_id>
        <hard-timeout>0</hard-timeout>
        <match></match>
        <cookie>3098476543630901249</cookie>
        <idle-timeout>0</idle-timeout>
    </flow>
    <flow>
        <id>L2switch-0</id>
        <flow-statistics xmlns="urn:opendaylight:flow:statistics">
            <packet-count>1</packet-count>
            <duration>
                <nanosecond>652000000</nanosecond>
                <second>258</second>
            </duration>
            <byte-count>70</byte-count>
        </flow-statistics>
        <priority>2</priority>
        <table_id>0</table_id>
        <hard-timeout>0</hard-timeout>
        <match>
            <in-port>openflow:1:2</in-port>
        </match>
        <cookie>3098476543630901248</cookie>
        <instructions>
            <instruction>
                <order>0</order>
                <apply-actions>
                    <action>
                        <order>0</order>
                        <output-action>
                            <max-length>65535</max-length>
                            <output-node-connector>1</output-node-connector>
                        </output-action>
                    </action>
                    <action>
                        <order>2</order>
                        <output-action>
                            <max-length>65535</max-length>
                            <output-node-connector>CONTROLLER</output-node-connector>
                        </output-action>
                    </action>
                    <action>
                        <order>1</order>
                        <output-action>
                            <max-length>65535</max-length>
                            <output-node-connector>3</output-node-connector>
                        </output-action>
                    </action>
                </apply-actions>
            </instruction>
        </instructions>
        <idle-timeout>0</idle-timeout>
    </flow>
    <flow>
        <id>#UF$TABLE*0-3</id>
        <flow-statistics xmlns="urn:opendaylight:flow:statistics">
            <packet-count>3</packet-count>
            <duration>
                <nanosecond>647000000</nanosecond>
                <second>258</second>
            </duration>
            <byte-count>247</byte-count>
        </flow-statistics>
        <priority>2</priority>
        <table_id>0</table_id>
        <hard-timeout>0</hard-timeout>
        <match>
            <in-port>openflow:1:1</in-port>
        </match>
        <cookie>3098476543630901249</cookie>
        <instructions>
            <instruction>
                <order>0</order>
                <apply-actions>
                    <action>
                        <order>0</order>
                        <output-action>
                            <max-length>65535</max-length>
                            <output-node-connector>2</output-node-connector>
                        </output-action>
                    </action>
                    <action>
                        <order>1</order>
                        <output-action>
                            <max-length>65535</max-length>
                            <output-node-connector>3</output-node-connector>
                        </output-action>
                    </action>
                </apply-actions>
            </instruction>
        </instructions>
        <idle-timeout>0</idle-timeout>
    </flow>
    <flow-table-statistics xmlns="urn:opendaylight:flow:table:statistics">
        <packets-matched>57</packets-matched>
        <active-flows>5</active-flows>
        <packets-looked-up>105</packets-looked-up>
    </flow-table-statistics>
</table>

流表分析

从这个xml中，我们可以看到流表的一些信息，包括流表的id，使用的交换机，一个流表项的入端口等，另外<flow></flow>标签中是流表的一个流表项，共5条。

流表中字段含义
字段含义
table_idint,流表的id
idstring,流表项的id
priorityint,流表项的优先级
cookieint,控制器发出的标识符
cookie_maskint,掩码，用于限制必须匹配的cookie位
idle-timeoutint,丢弃前的空闲时间（秒）
hard-timeoutint,丢弃前的最长时间（秒）
matchdict，匹配域
ethernet-matchdict,以太网匹配
ethernet-typedict,以太网类型
typestr,0x0800：使用ip匹配,0x8847:使用mac匹配
ipv4-destinationipv4的目的ip地址
instructionsdict,动作集
instructionlist,动作，指令
orderint,顺序

Postman查看流表项

 

标题

 json格式的流表项

{
    "flow-node-inventory:flow": [
        {
            "id": "L2switch-2",
            "opendaylight-flow-statistics:flow-statistics": {
                "packet-count": 2,
                "duration": {
                    "nanosecond": 81000000,
                    "second": 768
                },
                "byte-count": 140
            },
            "priority": 2,
            "table_id": 0,
            "hard-timeout": 0,
            "match": {
                "in-port": "openflow:1:3"
            },
            "cookie": 3098476543630901250,
            "instructions": {
                "instruction": [
                    {
                        "order": 0,
                        "apply-actions": {
                            "action": [
                                {
                                    "order": 0,
                                    "output-action": {
                                        "max-length": 65535,
                                        "output-node-connector": "2"
                                    }
                                },
                                {
                                    "order": 2,
                                    "output-action": {
                                        "max-length": 65535,
                                        "output-node-connector": "CONTROLLER"
                                    }
                                },
                                {
                                    "order": 1,
                                    "output-action": {
                                        "max-length": 65535,
                                        "output-node-connector": "1"
                                    }
                                }
                            ]
                        }
                    }
                ]
            },
            "idle-timeout": 0
        }
    ]
}

Python代码查看流表项

import urllib.request
from base64 import encodebytes

ip = "192.168.31.174"
node_id = "openflow:1"
table_id = "0"
flow_id = "L2switch-2"
username = "admin"
password = "admin"
url = "http://" + ip + ":8181/restconf/operational/opendaylight-inventory:nodes/node/" + node_id + "/flow-node-inventory:table/" + table_id +"/flow/"+flow_id
print(url)
# 添加请求的url和method
req = urllib.request.Request(url, method="GET")
# 添加header
b64str = encodebytes(bytes('%s:%s' % (username, password), 'utf-8'))[:-1]
req.add_header("Authorization", "Basic %s" % b64str.decode('utf-8'))
returnData = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
res_json = returnData.read().decode('utf-8')
print(res_json)

Postman添加流表项

命令查看流表项
命令删除流表项

使用PUT方式，账号密码依然还是admin,注意url是使用的config，不是operational,选择json格式，点击send。

使用Postman添加流表项
再次查看流表

再次查看流表后发现添加了一条流表项，h1、h2使用的是交换机s1的端口s1-eth1与s1-eth2，所以，h1与h2可以ping通。

 Python添加流表项

import urllib.request
from base64 import encodebytes

from django.contrib.sites import requests

ip = "192.168.31.174"
# node_id = "openflow:1"
print("please input name of switch:")
node_id = input()
table_id = "0"
# flow_id = "L2switch-2"
print("please input id of flow:")
flow_id = input()
username = "admin"
password = "admin"
url = "http://" + ip + ":8181/restconf/config/opendaylight-inventory:nodes/node/" + node_id + "/flow-node-inventory:table/" + table_id + "/flow/" + flow_id
print(url)
flow = {
    "flow-node-inventory:flow": [
        {
            "id": "L2switch-2",
            "priority": 2,
            "table_id": 0,
            "hard-timeout": 0,
            "match": {
                "in-port": "openflow:1:3"
            },
            "cookie": 3098476543630901250,
            "instructions": {
                "instruction": [
                    {
                        "order": 0,
                        "apply-actions": {
                            "action": [
                                {
                                    "order": 0,
                                    "output-action": {
                                        "max-length": 65535,
                                        "output-node-connector": "2"
                                    }
                                }
                            ]
                        }
                    }
                ]
            },
            "idle-timeout": 0
        }
    ]
}
flow["flow-node-inventory:flow"][0]["id"] = flow_id
print("please input priority of this flow:")
flow["flow-node-inventory:flow"][0]["priority"] = int(input())
print("please input hard-timeout of this flow:")
flow["flow-node-inventory:flow"][0]["hard-timeout"] = int(input())
print("please input idle-timeout of this flow:")
flow["flow-node-inventory:flow"][0]["idle-timeout"] = int(input())
print("please input in-port of this flow:")
flow["flow-node-inventory:flow"][0]["match"]["in-port"] = node_id + ":" + input()
print("please input output-port of this flow:")
flow["flow-node-inventory:flow"][0]["instructions"]["instruction"][0]["apply-actions"]["action"][0]["output-action"][
    "output-node-connector"] = input()

print("flow_id:" + str(flow["flow-node-inventory:flow"][0]["id"]))
print("priority:" + str(flow["flow-node-inventory:flow"][0]["priority"]))
print("hard-timeout:" + str(flow["flow-node-inventory:flow"][0]["hard-timeout"]))
print("idle-timeout:" + str(flow["flow-node-inventory:flow"][0]["idle-timeout"]))
print("in-port:" + flow["flow-node-inventory:flow"][0]["match"]["in-port"])
print("output-port:" +
      flow["flow-node-inventory:flow"][0]["instructions"]["instruction"][0]["apply-actions"]["action"][0][
          "output-action"]["output-node-connector"])
print(flow)
# 添加请求的url、data、method
req = urllib.request.Request(url=url, data=bytes(str(flow), 'utf-8'), method="PUT")
# 添加header
b64str = encodebytes(bytes('%s:%s' % (username, password), 'utf-8'))[:-1]
req.add_header("Authorization", "Basic %s" % b64str.decode('utf-8'))
req.add_header("Accept", "application/json")
req.add_header("Content-Type", "application/json")
returnData = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
res_json = returnData.read().decode('utf-8')
print(res_json)

 

实验结果
流表项添加成功

 我是通过端口添加的流表项，除此之外，你还可以使用ip或mac添加，使用ethernet-type、ipv4-destination等字段。

Postman、Python修改流表项

这个只需要使你请求的数据中流表项的id在流表中存在，就会覆盖掉原来的。

更多SDN相关内容，请查看：SDN-自学笔记

有问题请下方评论，转载请注明出处，并附有原文链接，谢谢！如有侵权，请及时联系。

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