【w3】apply

> str(apply)
function (X, MARGIN, FUN, ...)

MARGIN: 整数向量，指定哪个维度应该被保留

> x <- matrix(rnorm(200), 20, 10)  // 随机200个数，行20，列10
> apply(x, 2, mean)   // 保留第二个（也就是列）取平均值，也就是对每列求平均值
 [1] 0.04868268 0.35743615 -0.09104379
 [4] -0.05381370 -0.16552070 -0.18192493
 [7] 0.10285727 0.36519270 0.14898850
[10] 0.26767260
> apply(x, 1, sum)    // 保留第一个，也就是对每行求和
 [1] -1.94843314 2.60601195 1.51772391
 [4] -2.80386816 3.73728682 -1.69371360
 [7] 0.02359932 3.91874808 -2.39902859
[10] 0.48685925 -1.77576824 -3.34016277
[13] 4.04101009 0.46515429 1.83687755
[16] 4.36744690 2.21993789 2.60983764
[19] -1.48607630 3.58709251

对于行列的求和求平均，推荐使用专门函数，比apply更快

• rowSums = apply(x, 1, sum)
• rowMeans = apply(x, 1, mean)
• colSums = apply(x, 2, sum)
• colMeans = apply(x, 2, mean)

求20*10矩阵的25%、75%百分位数

> x <- matrix(rnorm(200), 20, 10)
> apply(x, 1, quantile, probs = c(0.25, 0.75))  // 取每行的 25%、75%百分位数
 [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4]
25% -0.3304284 -0.99812467 -0.9186279 -0.49711686
75% 0.9258157 0.07065724 0.3050407 -0.06585436
 [,5] [,6] [,7] [,8]
25% -0.05999553 -0.6588380 -0.653250 0.01749997
75% 0.52928743 0.3727449 1.255089 0.72318419
 [,9] [,10] [,11] [,12]
25% -1.2467955 -0.8378429 -1.0488430 -0.7054902
75% 0.3352377 0.7297176 0.3113434 0.4581150
 [,13] [,14] [,15] [,16]
25% -0.1895108 -0.5729407 -0.5968578 -0.9517069
75% 0.5326299 0.5064267 0.4933852 0.8868922
 [,17] [,18] [,19] [,20]

> a <- array(rnorm(2 * 2 * 10), c(2, 2, 10))      // 2*2*10的数组
> apply(a, c(1, 2), mean)     //保留行列，对第3维度（10对应的）求平均
 [,1] [,2]
[1,] -0.2353245 -0.03980211
[2,] -0.3339748 0.04364908
> rowMeans(a, dims = 2)
 [,1] [,2]
[1,] -0.2353245 -0.03980211
[2,] -0.3339748 0.04364908