ENIAC
The first Generation: Vacuum Tubes
The ENIAC was a decimal rather than a binary machine.（是十进制机器）
stored-program concept 存储程序功能
programming process could be facilitated if the program could be represented in a form suitable for storing in memory alongside the data. Then, a computer could get its instructions by reading them from memory, and a program could be set or altered by setting the values of a portion of memory.
Main memory storing programs and data
• ALU operating on binary data
• Control unit interpreting instructions from memory and executing
• Input and output equipment operated by control unit
IAS
Princeton Institute for Advanced Studies Started 1946
Completed 1952
Prototype of all subsequent general-purpose computers
• A main memory, which stores both data and instructions
• An arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) capable of operating on binary data
·A control unit,which interprets the instructions in memory and causes them to be executed
• Input and output (I/O) equipment operated by the control unit
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