ApiDemos学习知识点Content-ExternalStorage(8)

演示了如何读写外部存储卡。演示了三种情况： 
* 1.向存储卡的共享目录中的图片目录中写入一张图片： 
* 位置为：/storage/sdcard/Pictures 
* 2.向本地应用的图片目录中写入一张图片 
* 位置为：/storage/sdcard/ Android /data/包名/files/Pictures 
* 3.向本地应用的目录中写入一个文件 

* 位置为：/storage/sdcard/android/data/包名/files/ 

首先来看下布局和代码吧

<ScrollView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:scrollbars="none" >

    <LinearLayout
        android:id="@+id/layout"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="vertical" >
    </LinearLayout>

</ScrollView>

item布局

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:orientation="vertical" >

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/label"
        style="?android:attr/textAppearanceMediumInverse"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_weight="0"
        android:background="#888"
        android:padding="4dip"
        android:singleLine="true"
        android:color="?android:attr/textColorPrimaryInverse" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/path"
        style="?android:attr/textAppearanceSmall"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_weight="0"
        android:padding="4dip"
        android:singleLine="true" />

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="horizontal" >

        <View
            android:layout_width="0dip"
            android:layout_height="0dip"
            android:layout_weight="1" />

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/create"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:text="@string/create" />

        <View
            android:layout_width="0dip"
            android:layout_height="0dip"
            android:layout_weight="1" />

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/delete"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:text="@string/delete" />

        <View
            android:layout_width="0dip"
            android:layout_height="0dip"
            android:layout_weight="1" />
    </LinearLayout>

</LinearLayout>

实现功能代码

public class ExternalStorage extends Activity {
    ViewGroup mLayout;
   //定义一个类，用于管理每种情况的布局，因为是一样的布局，所以可以达到利用的目的
    static class Item {
        View mRoot;
        Button mCreate;
        Button mDelete;
    }
// 定义三种情况下的布局
    Item mExternalStoragePublicPicture;
    Item mExternalStoragePrivatePicture;
    Item mExternalStoragePrivateFile;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        setContentView(R.layout.external_storage);
        mLayout = (ViewGroup)findViewById(R.id.layout);
        mExternalStoragePublicPicture = createStorageControls(
                "Picture: getExternalStoragePublicDirectory",
                Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(
                        Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES),
                new View.OnClickListener() {
                    public void onClick(View v) {
                        createExternalStoragePublicPicture();
                        updateExternalStorageState();
                    }
                },
                new View.OnClickListener() {
                    public void onClick(View v) {
                        deleteExternalStoragePublicPicture();
                        updateExternalStorageState();
                    }
                });
        mLayout.addView(mExternalStoragePublicPicture.mRoot);

       // 注意这个方法不在Environment里面而是在Activity当中
        mExternalStoragePrivatePicture = createStorageControls(
                "Picture getExternalFilesDir",
                getExternalFilesDir(Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES),
                new View.OnClickListener() {
                    public void onClick(View v) {
                        createExternalStoragePrivatePicture();
                        updateExternalStorageState();
                    }
                },
                new View.OnClickListener() {
                    public void onClick(View v) {
                        deleteExternalStoragePrivatePicture();
                        updateExternalStorageState();
                    }
                });
        mLayout.addView(mExternalStoragePrivatePicture.mRoot);
        mExternalStoragePrivateFile = createStorageControls(
                "File getExternalFilesDir",
                getExternalFilesDir(null),
                new View.OnClickListener() {
                    public void onClick(View v) {
                        createExternalStoragePrivateFile();
                        updateExternalStorageState();
                    }
                },
                new View.OnClickListener() {
                    public void onClick(View v) {
                        deleteExternalStoragePrivateFile();
                        updateExternalStorageState();
                    }
                });
        mLayout.addView(mExternalStoragePrivateFile.mRoot);

        startWatchingExternalStorage();
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        stopWatchingExternalStorage();
    }

    void handleExternalStorageState(boolean available, boolean writeable) {
        boolean has = hasExternalStoragePublicPicture();
        mExternalStoragePublicPicture.mCreate.setEnabled(writeable && !has);
        mExternalStoragePublicPicture.mDelete.setEnabled(writeable && has);
        has = hasExternalStoragePrivatePicture();
        mExternalStoragePrivatePicture.mCreate.setEnabled(writeable && !has);
        mExternalStoragePrivatePicture.mDelete.setEnabled(writeable && has);
        has = hasExternalStoragePrivateFile();
        mExternalStoragePrivateFile.mCreate.setEnabled(writeable && !has);
        mExternalStoragePrivateFile.mDelete.setEnabled(writeable && has);
    }

//定义一个广播接收者，用于监视外部存储卡的挂载状态
    BroadcastReceiver mExternalStorageReceiver;
    boolean mExternalStorageAvailable = false;
    boolean mExternalStorageWriteable = false;

    void updateExternalStorageState() {
        String state = Environment.getExternalStorageState();
        if (Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED.equals(state)) {
            mExternalStorageAvailable = mExternalStorageWriteable = true;
        } else if (Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED_READ_ONLY.equals(state)) {
            mExternalStorageAvailable = true;
            mExternalStorageWriteable = false;
        } else {
            mExternalStorageAvailable = mExternalStorageWriteable = false;
        }
        handleExternalStorageState(mExternalStorageAvailable,
                mExternalStorageWriteable);
    }

    void startWatchingExternalStorage() {
        mExternalStorageReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
            @Override
            public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
                Log.i("test", "Storage: " + intent.getData());
                updateExternalStorageState();
            }
        };

    //注册广播接收者
        IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
        filter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_MEDIA_MOUNTED);
        filter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_MEDIA_REMOVED);
        registerReceiver(mExternalStorageReceiver, filter);
        updateExternalStorageState();
    }

    void stopWatchingExternalStorage() {
        unregisterReceiver(mExternalStorageReceiver);
    }



    void createExternalStoragePublicPicture() {
        // Create a path where we will place our picture in the user's
        // public pictures directory.  Note that you should be careful about
        // what you place here, since the user often manages these files.  For
        // pictures and other media owned by the application, consider
        // Context.getExternalMediaDir().
        File path = Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(
                Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES);
        File file = new File(path, "DemoPicture.jpg");

        try {
            // Make sure the Pictures directory exists.
            path.mkdirs();

            // Very simple code to copy a picture from the application's
            // resource into the external file.  Note that this code does
            // no error checking, and assumes the picture is small (does not
            // try to copy it in chunks).  Note that if external storage is
            // not currently mounted this will silently fail.
            InputStream is = getResources().openRawResource(R.drawable.balloons);
            OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(file);
            byte[] data = new byte[is.available()];
            is.read(data);
            os.write(data);
            is.close();
            os.close();

            // Tell the media scanner about the new file so that it is
            // immediately available to the user.
            MediaScannerConnection.scanFile(this,
                    new String[] { file.toString() }, null,
                    new MediaScannerConnection.OnScanCompletedListener() {
                public void onScanCompleted(String path, Uri uri) {
                    Log.i("ExternalStorage", "Scanned " + path + ":");
                    Log.i("ExternalStorage", "-> uri=" + uri);
                }
            });
        } catch (IOException e) {
            // Unable to create file, likely because external storage is
            // not currently mounted.
            Log.w("ExternalStorage", "Error writing " + file, e);
        }
    }

    void deleteExternalStoragePublicPicture() {
        // Create a path where we will place our picture in the user's
        // public pictures directory and delete the file.  If external
        // storage is not currently mounted this will fail.
        File path = Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(
                Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES);
        File file = new File(path, "DemoPicture.jpg");
        file.delete();
    }

    boolean hasExternalStoragePublicPicture() {
        // Create a path where we will place our picture in the user's
        // public pictures directory and check if the file exists.  If
        // external storage is not currently mounted this will think the
        // picture doesn't exist.
        File path = Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(
                Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES);
        File file = new File(path, "DemoPicture.jpg");
        return file.exists();
    }



    void createExternalStoragePrivatePicture() {
        // Create a path where we will place our picture in our own private
        // pictures directory.  Note that we don't really need to place a
        // picture in DIRECTORY_PICTURES, since the media scanner will see
        // all media in these directories; this may be useful with other
        // media types such as DIRECTORY_MUSIC however to help it classify
        // your media for display to the user.
        File path = getExternalFilesDir(Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES);
        File file = new File(path, "DemoPicture.jpg");

        try {
            // Very simple code to copy a picture from the application's
            // resource into the external file.  Note that this code does
            // no error checking, and assumes the picture is small (does not
            // try to copy it in chunks).  Note that if external storage is
            // not currently mounted this will silently fail.
            InputStream is = getResources().openRawResource(R.drawable.balloons);
            OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(file);
            byte[] data = new byte[is.available()];
            is.read(data);
            os.write(data);
            is.close();
            os.close();

            // Tell the media scanner about the new file so that it is
            // immediately available to the user.
            MediaScannerConnection.scanFile(this,
                    new String[] { file.toString() }, null,
                    new MediaScannerConnection.OnScanCompletedListener() {
                public void onScanCompleted(String path, Uri uri) {
                    Log.i("ExternalStorage", "Scanned " + path + ":");
                    Log.i("ExternalStorage", "-> uri=" + uri);
                }
            });
        } catch (IOException e) {
            // Unable to create file, likely because external storage is
            // not currently mounted.
            Log.w("ExternalStorage", "Error writing " + file, e);
        }
    }

    void deleteExternalStoragePrivatePicture() {
        // 
        File path = getExternalFilesDir(Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES);
        if (path != null) {
            File file = new File(path, "DemoPicture.jpg");
            file.delete();
        }
    }

    boolean hasExternalStoragePrivatePicture() {
        // 该方法将一张图片复制到外部存储卡本地应用目录下的图片目录下
        File path = getExternalFilesDir(Environment.DIRECTORY_PICTURES);
        if (path != null) {
            File file = new File(path, "DemoPicture.jpg");
            return file.exists();
        }
        return false;
    }


// 该方法将一张图片复制到外部存储卡本地应用目录下
     void createExternalStoragePrivateFile() {
         // 
         File file = new File(getExternalFilesDir(null), "DemoFile.jpg");

         try {
             // 
             InputStream is = getResources().openRawResource(R.drawable.balloons);
             OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(file);
             byte[] data = new byte[is.available()];
             is.read(data);
             os.write(data);
             is.close();
             os.close();
         } catch (IOException e) {
   
             Log.w("ExternalStorage", "Error writing " + file, e);
         }
     }

     void deleteExternalStoragePrivateFile() {
         // 删除已存在的文件
         File file = new File(getExternalFilesDir(null), "DemoFile.jpg");
         if (file != null) {
             file.delete();
         }
     }

     boolean hasExternalStoragePrivateFile() {
         // 判断是否已经存在该名字的文件
         File file = new File(getExternalFilesDir(null), "DemoFile.jpg");
         if (file != null) {
             return file.exists();
         }
         return false;
     }

/*
     * 创建每种情况下的布局
     */
    Item createStorageControls(CharSequence label, File path,
            View.OnClickListener createClick,
            View.OnClickListener deleteClick) {
        LayoutInflater inflater = (LayoutInflater)getSystemService(LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
        Item item = new Item();
        item.mRoot = inflater.inflate(R.layout.external_storage_item, null);
        TextView tv = (TextView)item.mRoot.findViewById(R.id.label);
        tv.setText(label);
        if (path != null) {
            tv = (TextView)item.mRoot.findViewById(R.id.path);
            tv.setText(path.toString());
        }
        item.mCreate = (Button)item.mRoot.findViewById(R.id.create);
        item.mCreate.setOnClickListener(createClick);
        item.mDelete = (Button)item.mRoot.findViewById(R.id.delete);
        item.mDelete.setOnClickListener(deleteClick);
        return item;
    }
}