C++类中子类和父类的接口相互调用

发现作为代码狗的我，时间久了，都快忘记了一些C++语言的基础知识，现在写篇文章记录一下，内容主要是涉及C++类的多态性，子类和父类的接口相互调用关系。即：

1、在子类中调用父类的接口（主要是重载接口），方式是父类::接口。

2、外部调用真实类的接口，方式是使用类的多态性实现，虚函数、加override实现。

3、在父类中调用子类多态性质的接口，方式是使用虚函数、加override实现，并给父类设置一个上下文。

具体代码如下：

#include <iostream>

class Parent
{
public:
	Parent() 
	{
		m_pInner = nullptr;
		m_pCtx = nullptr;
	}

	virtual ~Parent() {}

public:
	class Inner
	{
	public:
		Inner()
		{
			m_pHolder = nullptr;
		}

		~Inner() {}

		void setHolder(Parent* holder)
		{
			m_pHolder = holder;
			return;
		}

		void test(int iVal)
		{
			m_pHolder->doSomethings(iVal); // 多态接口调用
			return;
		}

	private:
		Parent* m_pHolder = nullptr;
	};

public:
	void setInner(Inner* pInner)
	{
		m_pInner = pInner;
		m_pInner->setHolder(this);
		return;
	}

	void setCtx(Parent* parent)
	{
		m_pCtx = parent;
		return;
	}

	virtual void doTest()
	{
		std::cout << "Parent, do test." << std::endl;
		return;
	}

	virtual void doSomethings(int iVal)
	{
		std::cout << "Parent, do something, " << iVal << "." << std::endl;
		return;
	}

	virtual void doCall()
	{
		std::cout << "Parent, do call." <<std::endl;
		return;
	}

	void testCall()
	{
		m_pCtx->doCall(); // 调用真实的接口
		return;
	}

private:
	Inner* m_pInner = nullptr;
	Parent* m_pCtx = nullptr;
};

class Child : public Parent
{
public:
	Child() {}
	~Child() {}

	void doTest()
	{
		std::cout << "Child, do test." << std::endl;
		Parent::doTest(); // 调用父类的接口
		return;
	}

	virtual void doSomethings(int iVal) override
	{
		std::cout << "Child, do something, " << iVal << "." << std::endl;
		return;
	}

	virtual void doCall()
	{
		std::cout << "Child, do call." << std::endl;
		return;
	}

};

void testClass()
{
	Parent::Inner inner;
	Parent parent;
	Child child;

	// 测试类的多态调用
	std::cout << "++++++++++++++++++++++++" << std::endl;
	parent.setInner(&inner);
	inner.test(123);

	std::cout << "------------------------" << std::endl;

	child.setInner(&inner);
	inner.test(456);

	// 测试子类调用父类接口
	std::cout << "++++++++++++++++++++++++" << std::endl;
	child.doTest();

	// 测试父类调用子类接口
	std::cout << "++++++++++++++++++++++++" << std::endl;
	Parent* pInfo = new (std::nothrow) Child();
	pInfo->setCtx(pInfo);
	pInfo->doCall();
	delete pInfo;
	pInfo = nullptr;

	std::cout << "------------------------" << std::endl;
	pInfo = new (std::nothrow) Parent();
	pInfo->setCtx(pInfo);
	pInfo->doCall();
	delete pInfo;
	pInfo = nullptr;

	std::cout << "++++++++++++++++++++++++" << std::endl;

	return;
}

运行结果如下：