centos7安装nginx1.18.0详细步骤

nginx官方下载地址： http://nginx.org/en/download.html

参考博客： Centos设置nginx开机自启动_Willis_m的博客-CSDN博客_centos nginx自启动

启动服务报错解决办法：https://blog.csdn.net/li1325169021/article/details/118462921

备注：报错原因，自己先手动启动Nginx，已启用端口被占用后启动服务就会报错 ：Job for nginx.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status nginx.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.

一、安装nginx前置软件

yum -y install gcc pcre-devel zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel

 如果没有网络会报错

Could not retrieve mirrorlist http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=7&arch=x86_64&repo=os&infra=stock error was
12: Timeout on http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=7&arch=x86_64&repo=os&infra=stock: (28, 'Resolving timed out after 30553 milliseconds')

解决办法

阿里云开源镜像站：
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/

centos7 离线安装gcc pcre-devel openssl-devel zlib-devel：
https://blog.csdn.net/wxg198286/article/details/122194881

二、下载nginx安装包，解压并安装

wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz
tar -zxvf nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.18.0
# 设置安装目录为/usr/local/nginx
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
make
make install

三、启动、重启nginx

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx  # 启动
pkill -9 nginx # 关闭
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload  # 重启

# 检查配置是否正常命令
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf -t

四、nginx.conf配置include，多模块引用

基本配置：https://blog.csdn.net/zhanglinlang/article/details/88374133

多模块引用：https://blog.csdn.net/yanyf2016/article/details/116006885 

 cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

user  root;
worker_processes  1;

events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    # 配置日志格式
    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    # 配置日志的存放路径
    #access_log  /data/logs/nginx/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;     # 开启高效文件传送模式
    keepalive_timeout  65;  # 连接超时时间： 单位 秒
    
    #gzip  on;   # 开启gzip 压缩输出
    
    include /usr/local/nginx/conf/conf-lanren312/*.conf;

    # server {
    #    listen       80;
    #    server_name  192.168.0.119;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }

}

#stream模块和http模块是并列级别
stream {
    server {
        listen port;
		proxy_connect_timeout 5s;
        proxy_timeout 300s;
        proxy_pass ip:port;
   }  
}

 暂时补充两个，以后可能会用

stream {
	upstream back{
		server ip:port;
	}
	server {
		listen port udp;
		proxy_connect_timeout 5s;
		proxy_timeout 300s;
		proxy_pass back;
	}
}

stream {
    server {
        listen 123456;  # 配置Nginx监听的端口
        proxy_pass backend;  # 定义后端服务器群组名为backend
    }
    upstream backend {
        server 127.0.0.1:666;  # 这里配置转发的后端服务器地址和端口
    }
}
Nginx正在监听123456端口，并将流量转发到后端服务器127.0.0.1的666端口

cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/conf-lanren312/lanren312.conf

 upstream lanren312 {  # 和proxy_pass内的名称一致 ，负载均衡用，不用可不写
    server 192.168.0.119:9071 weight=1; #weight:权重，默认是1，数值越大提供服务的次数就越多 
 }

server {
       listen 80;
       server_name 192.168.0.119; # 我本地虚拟机ip
       access_log /data/logs/nginx/lanren312/access.log;
       error_log /data/logs/nginx/lanren312/error.log;

       root /data/lanren312/; # 118 也这么配置
       index index.html index.htm;


       location / {
         root /data/lanren312/; 
         index index.html index.htm; 

       }

       location /java/ {
                # proxy_pass http://192.168.0.119:9071/;  # 直接写法
	            proxy_pass http://lanren312; # 和upstream一致 ，负载均衡用，不用可不写

                #Proxy Settings
                proxy_redirect off;
                proxy_set_header Host $host;
                proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
                proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
                proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504;
                proxy_max_temp_file_size 0;
                proxy_connect_timeout 90;
                proxy_send_timeout 90;
                proxy_read_timeout 90;
                proxy_buffer_size 4k;
                proxy_buffers 4 32k;
                proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;
                proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;
        }

    location /118/ {
	    proxy_pass http://192.168.0.118:80/;
		
        # yml配置
        # filepath: http://192.168.0.119/118/file ，就能访问到118上/data/lanren312/file里面的内容
	   
    }
}

五、设置开机自启动

vim /lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
 
######## 写入内容
[Unit]
Description=nginx service
After=network.target 
   
[Service] 
Type=forking 
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecReload=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
ExecStop=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s quit
PrivateTmp=true 
   
[Install] 
WantedBy=multi-user.target

systemctl enable nginx   # 加入开机自启动
systemctl disable nginx  # 取消开机自启动

systemctl start nginx.service　         # 启动nginx服务
systemctl stop nginx.service　          # 停止服务
systemctl restart nginx.service　       # 重新启动服务
systemctl list-units --type=service     # 查看所有已启动的服务
systemctl status nginx.service          # 查看服务当前状态
systemctl enable nginx.service          # 设置开机自启动
systemctl disable nginx.service         # 停止开机自启动

shutdown -r now  # 重启服务器，nginx自启动成功

六、查看版本号

/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -v

七、Windows下启动、重启、停止nginx

在Windows下操作nginx，需要打开cmd 进入到nginx的安装目录下

1.启动nginx:

start nginx 或 nginx.exe

2.停止nginx(stop是快速停止nginx，可能并不保存相关信息；quit是完整有序的停止nginx，并保存相关信息)

nginx.exe  -s stop 或 nginx.exe -s quit

3.检查 重启：

nginx -t  修改nginx配置后执行检查配置是否正确
nginx -s reload 重启

八、升级nginx到 1.23.1

centos7 nginx1.18.0升级到1.23.1_lanren312的博客-CSDN博客

九、防火墙

 centos7会默认开启防火墙，要在防火墙中打开对应的端口

firewall-cmd --state         ## 查看防火墙状态
firewall-cmd --list-ports    ## 查看已经开放的端口
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=80/tcp --permanent     ## 开启80端口
firewall-cmd --reload  ## 重启防火墙 (重新开启端口后一定要重启防火墙，再查看开放的端口)