Flutter和Android通信之MethodChannel

flutter和Android原生通信共计有三种类型，分别是：

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• MethodChannel：flutter和Android之间互相调用，调用一次，执行一次，如Flutter调用Native拍照

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• EventChannel：用于数据流（event streams）的通信，持续通信，收到消息后无法回复此次消息，通常用于Native向Dart的通信，如：手机电量变化，网络连接变化，陀螺仪，传感器等；

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• BasicMessageChannel：用于传递字符串和半结构化的信息，持续通信，收到消息后可以回复此次消息，如：Native将遍历到的文件信息陆续传递到Dart，在比如：Flutter将从服务端陆陆续获取到信息交个Native加工，Native处理完返回等

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这三种类型的类型的Channel都是通信，即A <=> B，Flutter可以主动发送消息给platform端，并且platform接收到消息后可以做出回应，同样，platform端可以主动发送消息给Flutter端，Flutter端接收数后返回给platform端。 这一篇主要记录一下MethodChannel的使用方法

Flutter代码通过MethodChannel调用Android代码

1、在fluttr代码中新建MethodChannel

class _MyHomePageState extends State<MyHomePage> {
  String content = "";
  //新建MethodChannel
  MethodChannel _methodChannel = MethodChannel("methodChannel");
 
  @override
  void initState() {
    // TODO: implement initState
    super.initState();
    print(window.defaultRouteName);
  }

 
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: Text(widget.title),
      ),
      body: Center(
        child: Column(
          mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
          children: <Widget>[
            Text(
              "$content",
            ),
            RaisedButton(
              onPressed: callNative,
              child: Text("callNative_byMethodChanndel"),
            ),
          ],
        ),
      ),
    
    );
  }

  void callNative() async {
    _methodChannel.invokeMethod(
        "callNative", {"arg1": "I am from Flutter"}).then((value) {
           //Android收到调用之后返回的数据
          setState(() {
            content = value;
          });
    });
  }
}

2、Android代码中继承FlutterActivity，新建MethodChannel并且设置监听

public class MyFlutterActivity extends FlutterActivity {
    public final static String INIT_PARAMS = "initParams";
    //METHOD_CHANNEL要和flutter中  MethodChannel _methodChannel = MethodChannel("methodChannel");的参数相同
    
    public final static String METHOD_CHANNEL = "methodChannel";
    private String initParams;
    private MethodChannel methodChannel;
    
    public static void start(Context context, String initParams) {
        Intent intent = new Intent(context, MyFlutterActivity.class);
        intent.putExtra(INIT_PARAMS, initParams);
        context.startActivity(intent);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        initParams = getIntent().getStringExtra(INIT_PARAMS);
        methodChannel = new MethodChannel(getFlutterEngine().getDartExecutor().getBinaryMessenger(), METHOD_CHANNEL);
        methodChannel.setMethodCallHandler((call, result) -> {
            switch (call.method) {
                case "callNative":
                    Toast.makeText(this, call.argument("arg1"), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                    result.success("我是来自Native的回调");
                    break;
            }
        });
        
    }

   

    /**
     * 重载该方法来传递初始化参数
     *
     * @return
     */

    @NonNull
    @Override
    public String getInitialRoute() {
        return initParams == null ? super.getInitialRoute() : initParams;
    }
}

然后是Android代码通过MethodChannel调用Flutter代码

1、创建Activity继承FlutterActivity，并创建MethodChannel

package com.example.nativeapp;

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.Toast;

import io.flutter.embedding.android.FlutterActivity;
import io.flutter.plugin.common.BasicMessageChannel;
import io.flutter.plugin.common.EventChannel;
import io.flutter.plugin.common.MethodChannel;
import io.flutter.plugin.common.StandardMessageCodec;
import io.flutter.plugin.common.StringCodec;


public class MyFlutterActivity extends FlutterActivity {
    public final static String INIT_PARAMS = "initParams";
    public final static String METHOD_CHANNEL = "methodChannel";
  

    private String initParams;

    private MethodChannel methodChannel;

   
    public static void start(Context context, String initParams) {
        Intent intent = new Intent(context, MyFlutterActivity.class);
        intent.putExtra(INIT_PARAMS, initParams);
        context.startActivity(intent);
    }


    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        initParams = getIntent().getStringExtra(INIT_PARAMS);
        methodChannel = new MethodChannel(getFlutterEngine().getDartExecutor().getBinaryMessenger(), METHOD_CHANNEL);
        methodChannel.invokeMethod("callFlutter", "agr1=666", new MethodChannel.Result() {
            @Override
            public void success(Object result) {
                Log.i("tag",result.toString());
            }

            @Override
            public void error(String errorCode, String errorMessage, Object errorDetails) {

            }

            @Override
            public void notImplemented() {

            }
        });
    }

   

    /**
     * 重载该方法来传递初始化参数
     *
     * @return
     */

    @NonNull
    @Override
    public String getInitialRoute() {
        return initParams == null ? super.getInitialRoute() : initParams;
    }
}

2、在Flutter代码中创建MethodChannel，并设置监听

import 'dart:async';
import 'dart:ui';

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:flutter/services.dart';

void main() => runApp(MyApp());

class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
  // This widget is the root of your application.
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      title: 'Flutter Demo',
      theme: ThemeData(
        primarySwatch: Colors.blue,
      ),
      home: MyHomePage(title: 'Flutter Demo Home Page'),
    );
  }
}

class MyHomePage extends StatefulWidget {
  MyHomePage({Key key, this.title}) : super(key: key);

  final String title;

  @override
  _MyHomePageState createState() => _MyHomePageState();
}

class _MyHomePageState extends State<MyHomePage> {
  String content = "";

  MethodChannel _methodChannel = MethodChannel("methodChannel");

  @override
  void initState() {
    // TODO: implement initState
    super.initState();
    print(window.defaultRouteName);
    //设置监听
    _methodChannel.setMethodCallHandler(_methodChannelHandler);
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: Text(widget.title),
      ),
      body: Center(
        child: Column(
          mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
          children: <Widget>[
            Text(
              "$content",
            ),
          ],
        ),
      ),
      // This trailing comma makes auto-formatting nicer for build methods.
    );
  }

 //方法是异步的
  Future<String> _methodChannelHandler(MethodCall call) async {
    String result = "";
    switch (call.method) {
    //收到Android的调用，并返回数据
      case "callFlutter":
        setState(() {
          content = call.arguments.toString();
        });
        result = "收到来自Android的消息";
        break;
    }
    return result;
  }
}