linux挂载盘

一、将盘连接到服务器

物理机就是将硬盘连接到主机，虚拟机则将盘连接到虚拟机

二、挂载命令说明

查看挂载

fdisk -l 查看硬盘信息
/dev/vdb 为挂载盘

[root@docker-dev--1 ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/vda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000ae09f

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vda1   *        2048    20971486    10484719+  83  Linux

Disk /dev/vdb: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

格式化

ext4

mkfs /dev/vdb 格式化 /dev/vdb ，默认 ext2格式

指定文件格式ext4

mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb

例

[root@docker-dev--1 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
2621440 inodes, 10485760 blocks
524288 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2157969408
320 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
        4096000, 7962624

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done  

xfs格式化

mkfs.xfs -f /dev/vdb
或者 mkfs -t xfs /dev/vdb

[root@docker-dev--1 ~]# mkfs.xfs -f /dev/vdb
meta-data=/dev/vdb               isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=2621440 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=10485760, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=5120, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

之前已经格式化为ext4,需要格式化为xfs mkfs.xfs -f /dev/vdb

[root@docker-dev--1 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/vdb 
mkfs.xfs: /dev/vdb appears to contain an existing filesystem (ext4).
mkfs.xfs: Use the -f option to force overwrite.

挂载

将 /dev/vdb挂载到/data目录下

mount /dev/vdb /data

不挂载

取消目录 /data的挂载盘

umount  /data

实际使用命令

查看挂载信息

fdisk -l

格式化磁盘

mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb
#使用xfs格式化磁盘 如果已经格式化其他格式可能需要增加 -f选项
mkfs.xfs /dev/vdb

挂载

mount /dev/vdb /data

不挂载

umount /data

查看挂载盘文件系统格式

findmnt -D
#或
findmnt --df

参考

Linux快速格式化磁盘 挂载 https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1611865194036930153&wfr=spider&for=pc
linux xfs和ext4的区别 https://blog.csdn.net/nuli888/article/details/51870184

ext2 无损升级 ext4

ext2 无损升级 ext3、ext4 https://blog.csdn.net/vinson0526/article/details/51919541
ext4与xfs比有什么优势和劣势 https://zhidao.baidu.com/question/1947438887354462108.html

三、自动挂载

linux如何mount挂载磁盘并设置开机自动mount
Linux开机自动挂载存储的两种方式

1. 查看硬盘信息 fdisk -l

[root@docker102 ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/vda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000ae09f

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/vda1   *        2048    20971486    10484719+  83  Linux

Disk /dev/vdb: 85.9 GB, 85899345920 bytes, 167772160 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

2. 挂载 /data/为挂载的目录，在主机中直接访问

mount /dev/vdb /data

3. 查看硬盘UUID和格式化类型

[root@docker102 ~]# blkid
/dev/vda1: UUID="e64899eb-665e-41a9-b7da-ed5781a8b3aa" TYPE="xfs" 
/dev/vdb: UUID="fbb5080d-bebb-4671-a645-6f92224e3abd" TYPE="xfs" 

4. 设置开机挂载

vi /etc/fstab 在行尾添加 UUID=fbb5080d-bebb-4671-a645-6f92224e3abd /data xfs defaults 0 0

第一列 UUID=fbb5080d-bebb-4671-a645-6f92224e3abd 是 blkid查看到的uuid
第二列 /data 挂载目录
第三列 xfs 格式化类型（根据实际格式化类型填写 ext2、ext3、ext4 、xfs）

其他参考

/etc/fstab 参数详解及如何设置开机自动挂载 https://blog.csdn.net/xyajia/article/details/79165655

[root@docker102 ~]# cat /etc/fstab 

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Mon Jan  8 16:24:54 2018
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=e64899eb-665e-41a9-b7da-ed5781a8b3aa /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=fbb5080d-bebb-4671-a645-6f92224e3abd /data xfs defaults 0 0