Android ContentProvider 陌生的四大组件之一 实现数据共享

1. Android 应用程序能够将数据保存到SharedPreference中，也可以保存到文件，SQLite数据库中，甚至任何有效的设备中，但是当你想将你的应用数据与其他的应用共享时，内容提供者就可以发挥作用了。

2. ContentProvider的主要作用：Content provider机制可支持在多个应用中存储和读取数据。这也是跨应用共享数据的唯一方式。在android系统中，没有一个公共的内存区域，供多个应用共享存储数据。 

通俗的来说：在Android中，默认使用SQLite作为系统的DB， 但是在Android中，使用方法有点小小的不一样。在Android中每一个应用都运行在各自的进程中，当你的应用需要访问其他应用的数据是，也就需要数据在不同的虚拟机之间传递，这样的情况操作起来可能有些困难。因为在正常情况下，你不能读取其他应用的db文件，ContentProvider正是用来解决在不同应用包之间共享数据的工具。所有被一个Android应用程序创建的偏好设置，文件和数据库都是私有的。为了和其他的应用程序共享数据，应用程序不得不创建一个ContentProvider,去其他的应用程序取数据，他自己的Content Provider必须被调用。Android 本地的Content Provider包括：

CallLog : 地址和接收到的电话信息

Contact.People.Phone : 存储电话号码

Setting.System : 系统设置和偏好设置

Content Provider所提供的函数：

query()  insert()  update()  delete()  getType()  onCreate()等

下面给出一个例子，让大家更好的了解Content Provider

增删改查实例：

1.创建person库，person表

    

public class DBOpenHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper{
    private static final String DATABASE_NAME="person.db"; //数据库名称
    private static final int DATABASE_VERSION =1; //数据库的版本
    public DBOpenHelper(Context context){
         super(context,DATABASE_NAME, null, DATABASE_VERSION);
     }
      @Override
       public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db){
            db.execSQL("CREATE TABLE person (_id integer primary key autoincrement, name varchar(20), age varchar(10))");
       }
       @Override
        public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion){
            db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS Person");
             onCreate(db);
       }
}

2. 自定义Content Provider类，实现增删改查

public class PersonProvider extends ContentProvider{
  private DBOpenHelper dbOpenHelper;
  private static final UriMatcher MATCHER =new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
  private static final int PERSONS = 1;
  private static final int PERSON = 2;
  static {
     MATCHER.addURI("cn.com.karl.personProvider","person",PERSONS);
     MATCHER.addURI("cn.com.karl.personProvider","person/#",PERSON); 
  }
  @Override
  public boolean onCreate(){
     this.dbOpenHelper = new DBOpenHelper(this.getContext());
     return false;
  }
  @Override
  public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection,String selection,String[] selectionArgs,String sortOrder){
     SQLiteDatabase db= dbOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase();
     switch(MATCHER.match(uri)){
        case PERSONS: //查询所有的时候
	     return db.query("person",projection,selection,selectionArgs,null,null,sortOrder);
	case PERSON: //查询某一id的人的信息
	     long id=ContentUris.parseId(uri);
	     String where= "_id="+id;
	     if(selection != null && !"".equals(selection)){
	        where = selection +"and"+ where;
	     }
	     return db.query("person",projection,where,selectionArgs,null,null,sortOrder);
	default:
	     throw new IllegalArgumentException("UnKwon Uri:"+uri.toString());
     }
  }
  //返回数据的MIME类型
  @Override
  public String getType(Uri uri){
     switch(MATCHER.match(uri)){
         case PERSONS:
	      return "vnd.android.cursor.dir/person";
	 case PERSON:
	      return "vnd.android.cursor.item/person";
	 default:
	      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unkwon Uri:"+uri.toString());
     }
  }
    // 插入person表中的所有记录 /person  
    // 插入person表中指定id的记录 /person/10  
    @Override  
    public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {  
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub  
        SQLiteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();  
        switch (MATCHER.match(uri)) {  
        case PERSONS:  
            // 特别说一下第二个参数是当name字段为空时，将自动插入一个NULL。  
            long rowid = db.insert("person", "name", values);  
            Uri insertUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(uri, rowid);// 得到代表新增记录的Uri  
            this.getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri, null);  
            return insertUri;  
  
        default:  
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unkwon Uri:" + uri.toString());  
        }  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {  
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub  
        SQLiteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();  
        int count = 0;  
        switch (MATCHER.match(uri)) {  
        case PERSONS:  
            count = db.delete("person", selection, selectionArgs);  
            return count;  
  
        case PERSON:  
            long id = ContentUris.parseId(uri);  
            String where = "_id=" + id;  
            if (selection != null && !"".equals(selection)) {  
                where = selection + " and " + where;  
            }  
            count = db.delete("person", where, selectionArgs);  
            return count;  
  
        default:  
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unkwon Uri:" + uri.toString());  
        }  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection,  
            String[] selectionArgs) {  
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub  
        SQLiteDatabase db = dbOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();  
        int count = 0;  
        switch (MATCHER.match(uri)) {  
        case PERSONS:  
            count = db.update("person", values, selection, selectionArgs);  
            return count;  
        case PERSON:  
            long id = ContentUris.parseId(uri);  
            String where = "_id=" + id;  
            if (selection != null && !"".equals(selection)) {  
                where = selection + " and " + where;  
            }  
            count = db.update("person", values, where, selectionArgs);  
            return count;  
        default:  
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unkwon Uri:" + uri.toString());  
        }  
    }  
  
}  

3.实现的时候的Activity类

public class ResolverDemoActivity extends Activity {    
    /** Called when the activity is first created. */    
    private SimpleCursorAdapter adapter;    
    private ListView listView;   
    private Button button_insert;  
    private Button button_query;  
    private Button button_query_one;  
    private EditText edittext_query;  
    private Button button_update_one;  
    private EditText edittext_update;  
    private Button button_update;  
    private Button button_delete;  
    private Button button_delete_one;  
    private EditText edittext_delete;  
      
      
      
    @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")  
    @Override    
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {    
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);    
        setContentView(R.layout.main);    
            
        listView=(ListView) this.findViewById(R.id.listView);    
        ContentResolver contentResolver = getContentResolver();    
        Uri selectUri = Uri.parse("content://cn.com.karl.personProvider/person");    
        Cursor cursor=contentResolver.query(selectUri, null, null, null, null);    
        adapter = new SimpleCursorAdapter(this, R.layout.item, cursor,    
                    new String[]{"_id", "name", "age"}, new int[]{R.id.id, R.id.name, R.id.age});    
            listView.setAdapter(adapter);    
            listView.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener() {    
                @Override    
                public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {    
                    ListView lView = (ListView)parent;    
                    Cursor data = (Cursor)lView.getItemAtPosition(position);    
                    int _id = data.getInt(data.getColumnIndex("_id"));    
                    Toast.makeText(ResolverDemoActivity.this, _id+"", 1).show();    
                }    
            });    
                
            button_insert = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.insertbutton);    
            button_insert.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {              
                @Override    
                public void onClick(View v) {    
                    ContentResolver contentResolver = getContentResolver();    
                    Uri insertUri = Uri.parse("content://cn.com.karl.personProvider/person");    
                    ContentValues values = new ContentValues();    
                    values.put("name", "wangkuifeng");    
                    values.put("age", 23);    
                    Uri uri = contentResolver.insert(insertUri, values);    
                    Toast.makeText(ResolverDemoActivity.this, "添加完成", 1).show();    
                }    
            });   
              
            button_query = (Button)this.findViewById(R.id.querybutton);  
            button_query.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {  
                  
                @Override  
                public void onClick(View v) {  
                    // TODO Auto-generated method stub  
                        ContentResolver contentResolver = getContentResolver();    
                        Uri selectUri = Uri.parse("content://cn.com.karl.personProvider/person");    
                          
                        Cursor cursor=contentResolver.query(selectUri, null, null, null, null);  
                        SimpleCursorAdapter adapter= new SimpleCursorAdapter(ResolverDemoActivity.this, R.layout.item, cursor,    
                                new String[]{"_id", "name", "age"}, new int[]{R.id.id, R.id.name, R.id.age});    
                        listView.setAdapter(adapter);  
                          
                        Toast.makeText(ResolverDemoActivity.this, "查询完成", 1).show();   
                }  
            });  
            button_query_one = (Button)this.findViewById(R.id.queryonebutton);  
            edittext_query = (EditText)this.findViewById(R.id.queryone_et);  
            button_query_one.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {  
                  
                @Override  
                public void onClick(View v) {  
                    // TODO Auto-generated method stub  
                    String num = edittext_query.getText().toString();  
                    ContentResolver contentResolver = getContentResolver();    
                    Uri selectUri = Uri.parse("content://cn.com.karl.personProvider/person"+"/"+num);  
                    Cursor cursor=contentResolver.query(selectUri, null, null, null, null);  
                    SimpleCursorAdapter adapter = new SimpleCursorAdapter(ResolverDemoActivity.this, R.layout.item, cursor,    
                            new String[]{"_id", "name", "age"}, new int[]{R.id.id, R.id.name, R.id.age});    
                    listView.setAdapter(adapter);  
                      
                    Toast.makeText(ResolverDemoActivity.this, "查询完成", 1).show();   
                }  
            });  
            edittext_update = (EditText)this.findViewById(R.id.update_et);  
            button_update_one = (Button)this.findViewById(R.id.updateonebutton);  
            button_update_one.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {  
                  
                @Override  
                public void onClick(View v) {  
                    // TODO Auto-generated method stub  
                    String num = edittext_update.getText().toString();  
                    ContentResolver contentResolver = getContentResolver();    
                    Uri updateUri = Uri.parse("content://cn.com.karl.personProvider/person"+"/"+num);  
                    ContentValues values = new ContentValues();    
                    values.put("name", "superjunjin");    
                    values.put("age", 26);    
                    int count = contentResolver.update(updateUri, values, null, null);  
                     
                      
                    Toast.makeText(ResolverDemoActivity.this, "更新完成", 1).show();   
                }  
            });  
              
            button_update = (Button)this.findViewById(R.id.updatebutton);  
            button_update.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {  
                  
                @Override  
                public void onClick(View v) {  
                    // TODO Auto-generated method stub  
                    ContentResolver contentResolver = getContentResolver();   
                    Uri updateUri = Uri.parse("content://cn.com.karl.personProvider/person");  
                    ContentValues values = new ContentValues();    
                    values.put("name", "superjunjin");    
                    values.put("age", 26);    
                    int count = contentResolver.update(updateUri, values, null, null);  
                     
                    Toast.makeText(ResolverDemoActivity.this, "更新完成", 1).show();   
                }  
            });  
              
            button_delete = (Button)this.findViewById(R.id.deletebutton);  
            button_delete.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {  
                  
                @Override  
                public void onClick(View v) {  
                    // TODO Auto-generated method stub  
                    ContentResolver contentResolver = getContentResolver();   
                    Uri deleteUri = Uri.parse("content://cn.com.karl.personProvider/person");  
                    contentResolver.delete(deleteUri, null, null);  
                      
                    Toast.makeText(ResolverDemoActivity.this, "删除完成", 1).show();   
                }  
            });  
              
            edittext_delete = (EditText)this.findViewById(R.id.delete_et);  
            button_delete_one = (Button)this.findViewById(R.id.deleteonebutton);  
            button_delete_one.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {  
                  
                @Override  
                public void onClick(View v) {  
                    // TODO Auto-generated method stub  
                    String num = edittext_delete.getText().toString();  
                    ContentResolver contentResolver = getContentResolver();    
                    Uri deleteUri = Uri.parse("content://cn.com.karl.personProvider/person"+"/"+num);  
                     
                    contentResolver.delete(deleteUri, null, null);  
                     
                      
                    Toast.makeText(ResolverDemoActivity.this, "删除完成", 1).show();  
                }  
            });  
              
    }    
}