ubuntu系统知识汇总(2016-7-18)

操作语法

uname -m ：查看当前ubuntu系统是64位还是32位
uname -r    :  查看当前linux版本号
sudo apt-get install fcitx-table-wbpy ：下载五笔与拼音输入法
df -h ：以硬盘为单位查看文件系统
sudo passwd ：设置su密码
ln -s ：设置软链接
script -a 1.txt：定接下去的终端所有内容，都打印到1.txt这个文件，同时在终端显示结果

apt-get update： 装软件时总提示未发现软件包用这个命令

一些优化

安装apt-fast需要的软件包：

   A：apt-get install axel
   B：下载软件脚本 [ apt-fast.sh](http://www.mattparnell.com/linux/apt-fast/apt-fast.sh) 
   C : sudo mv apt-fast.sh /usr/bin/apt-fast
       sudo chmod +x /usr/bin/apt-fast
  D： apt-fast update
      apt-fast upgrade

安装lftp

A：apt-get lftp 
B：其他电脑安装一个ftp软件，设置用户名A密码B
C：lftp A:B@172.16.77.40
   put/get 文件
   mirror -R  文件夹
   mirro  文件夹

安装chrome浏览器

A：用wget命令下载64bit包(https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb)
B：在处理时有错误发生： google-chrome-stable这个错误，因此我们先执行一条额外的命令：执行：apt-get -f install
C：安装命令，执行：dpkg -i google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
D：打开 ：/usr/bin/google-chrome-stable  

ubuntu自带截图软件

在软件中心搜索gnome-screenshotf可以找到截图软件。

提升apt-get速度

把如下软件源更新到sources.list

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty universe restricted multiverse main
deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-security universe restricted multiverse main
deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-updates universe restricted multiverse main
deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed universe restricted multiverse main
deb http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-backports universe restricted multiverse main
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

执行如下命令更新：

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list  /*把上述软件源加到文件开头*/
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade