Golang如何使用websocket

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下载websocket包

$ go get golang.org/x/net/websocket 

如果下载失败,可能是被墙了。

package golang.org/x/net/websocket: unrecognized import path “golang.org/x/net/websocket” (https fetch: Get https://golang.org/x/net/websocket?go-get=1: dial tcp 216.239.37.1:443: connectex: A connection attempt failed because the connected party did not properly respond after a period of time, or established connection failed because connected host has failed to respond.)

可以尝试

$ go get -u github.com/golang/net/websocket

下载后记得将路径改成golang.org/x/net/websocket

$ cd $GOPATH
$ mkdir -p golang.org/x/net
$ cp github.com/golang/net/websocket/  golang.org/x/net/ -R

实例

服务端代码

server.go

package main

import (  

    "fmt"   

    "golang.org/x/net/websocket" 

    "html/template"              //支持模板html  

    "log"  

    "net/http"  

)

func Echo(ws *websocket.Conn) {  

    var err error  

    for {  

        var reply string  

        //websocket接受信息  

        if err = websocket.Message.Receive(ws, &reply); err != nil {  

            fmt.Println("receive failed:", err)  

            break  

        }

        fmt.Println("reveived from client: " + reply)

        msg := "received:" + reply

        fmt.Println("send to client:" + msg)

        //这里是发送消息

        if err = websocket.Message.Send(ws, msg); err != nil {

            fmt.Println("send failed:", err)

            break

        }

    }

}

func web(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {  

    //打印请求的方法  

    fmt.Println("method", r.Method)  

    if r.Method == "GET" { //如果请求方法为get显示login.html,并相应给前端  

        t, _ := template.ParseFiles("websocket.html")  

        t.Execute(w, nil)  

    } else {  

        //否则走打印输出post接受的参数username和password  

        fmt.Println(r.PostFormValue("username"))  

        fmt.Println(r.PostFormValue("password"))  

    }  

}

func main() {

    //接受websocket的路由地址

    http.Handle("/websocket", websocket.Handler(Echo))

    //html页面

    http.HandleFunc("/web", web)

    if err := http.ListenAndServe(":1234", nil); err != nil {

        log.Fatal("ListenAndServe:", err)

    }

}

客户端代码

websocket.html

<!DOCTYPE html>

 <html>

<head>

    <meta charset="utf-8"/>

    <title>go测试socket</title>

</head>

<body>

    <script type="text/javascript">

        var sock = null;

        var wsuri = "ws://127.0.0.1:1234/websocket";

        window.onload = function() {

            console.log("onload");

            sock = new WebSocket(wsuri);

            sock.onopen = function() {

                console.log("connected to " + wsuri);

            }

            sock.onclose = function(e) {

                console.log("connection closed (" + e.code + ")");

            }

            sock.onmessage = function(e) {

                console.log("message received: " + e.data);

            }

        };

        function send() {

            var msg = document.getElementById('message').value;

            sock.send(msg);

        };

    </script>

    <h1>WebSocket Echo Test</h1>

    <form>

        <p>

            Message: <input id="message" type="text" value="Hello, world!">

        </p>

    </form>

    <button onclick="send();">Send Message</button>

</body>

</html>

测试

启动服务端

$ ./server

启动浏览器
输入http://127.0.0.1:1234/web

这里写图片描述

网络通信内容如图所示,首先加载页面,接着使用HTTP建立websocket连接,后续通信直接使用websocket进行。

点击 页面中SendMessage按钮

server端输出:

method GET
reveived from client: Hello, world!
send to client:received:Hello, world!

浏览器输出:

这里写图片描述

参考

https://github.com/astaxie/build-web-application-with-golang/blob/master/zh/08.2.md

https://github.com/ukai/go-websocket-sample/blob/master/websocket_echo_sample.go

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要在Golang使用WebSocket,你可以使用`github.com/gorilla/websocket`包。首先,你需要安装该包: ``` go get github.com/gorilla/websocket ``` 然后,你可以使用以下代码示例创建WebSocket服务器和客户端: ```go // 服务器端 package main import ( "fmt" "log" "net/http" "github.com/gorilla/websocket" ) // 处理WebSocket连接 func handleWebSocket(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { // 升级HTTP连接为WebSocket协议 conn, err := websocket.Upgrade(w, r, nil, 1024, 1024) if err != nil { log.Println(err) return } defer conn.Close() // 在这里处理WebSocket消息 for { // 读取客户端发送的消息 _, msg, err := conn.ReadMessage() if err != nil { log.Println(err) break } fmt.Println(string(msg)) // 发送消息给客户端 if err := conn.WriteMessage(websocket.TextMessage, []byte("Hello from server")); err != nil { log.Println(err) break } } } func main() { http.HandleFunc("/", handleWebSocket) log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil)) } // 客户端 package main import ( "fmt" "log" "net/url" "os" "os/signal" "time" "github.com/gorilla/websocket" ) func main() { interrupt := make(chan os.Signal, 1) signal.Notify(interrupt, os.Interrupt) u := url.URL{Scheme: "ws", Host: "localhost:8080", Path: "/"} log.Printf("connecting to %s", u.String()) c, _, err := websocket.DefaultDialer.Dial(u.String(), nil) if err != nil { log.Fatal("dial:", err) } defer c.Close() done := make(chan struct{}) // 接收和处理服务端发送的消息 go func() { defer close(done) for { _, message, err := c.ReadMessage() if err != nil { log.Println("read:", err) return } fmt.Printf("received: %s\n", message) } }() // 定期向服务端发送消息 ticker := time.NewTicker(time.Second) defer ticker.Stop() for { select { case <-done: return case t := <-ticker.C: err := c.WriteMessage(websocket.TextMessage, []byte(t.String())) if err != nil { log.Println("write:", err) return } case <-interrupt: log.Println("interrupt") err := c.WriteMessage(websocket.CloseMessage, websocket.FormatCloseMessage(websocket.CloseNormalClosure, "")) if err != nil { log.Println("write close:", err) return } select { case <-done: case <-time.After(time.Second): } return } } } ``` 这是一个简单的示例,服务器接收客户端的消息并将其打印出来,然后向客户端发送"Hello from server"的消息。客户端定期向服务器发送当前时间。
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